法律基本原则与普通公民的量刑决策——来自实验的证据  

Basic Principles of Law and the Sentencing Decisions of Ordinary Citizens:The Evidence from the Experiment

作　　者：李维维[1] 杨群[2] 张庆林[1] 曾建敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715 [2]杭州师范大学教育学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期245-248,共4页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：无罪推定原则和法律面前人人平等是中国司法过程中审判人员需遵守的基本法律原则.为考察普通公民的自然正义观是否和这两项基本的法律原则具有一致性,本研究以198名非法学专业大学生为被试,要求被试对一桩故意杀人案的嫌疑人进行法律裁决.实验结果表明:在确证有罪的条件下,被试判决的刑期远远高于无证据的条件,表明被试的自然正义观和法律基本原则之间存在一定的一致性;当有较强证据但无确证的情况下,被试对嫌疑人的量刑要重于无证据的情况,违反了疑罪从无原则;当嫌疑人的身份为某官员之子时,被试对嫌疑人的量刑比当嫌疑人的身份为农民时更严重,违反了法律面前人人平等原则;受害者的不同身份在量刑的差异上不显著.可见,普通社会成员的法律公正观有一定的主观性,对于两项基本原则的遵循存在偏差,容易受到情绪、道德观念的影响,表现出有限理性的特点.Presumption of innocence and the principle that all people are equal before the law are the basic principles of law which should be obeyed by judges in Chinese judicial process .To investigate whether the natural justice view of ordinary citizens is consistent with these two principles of law ,the present study employs 198 college students without professional law education or training background and asks them to make a legal decision for a suspect in an intentional homicide crime . The results show that when solid evidence is obtained ,the suspect is judged to receive much longer prison sentence than no sufficient evidence is obtained ,it means the natural justice view is consistent with the basic principles of law .When some strong but not conclusive evidence is presented ,the suspect is judged to have longer prison sentence than when no evidence is present ,w hich violates the principle of in dubio pro reo .When the suspect is the son of a government officer ,the suspect is judged to receive longer prison sentence than when the suspect is a peasant ,which violates the principle that all people are equal before the law .However ,different identities of different victims have no significant effect on sentencing .Therefore , the legal justice view of ordinary people ,which has certain subjectivity and deviation with the two basic principles of law ,is easy to be affected by emotion and moral concepts ,and represents the characteristic of bounded rationality .

关 键 词：法律基本原则 无罪推定 司法公正 量刑决策 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]