环境降解聚乙烯地膜残余组分对土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of the Residues of Mulching Films of Environmental Degradable Polyethylene on Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：樊有国[1] 罗学刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生物质材料教育部工程研究中心,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第6期1-6,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题资助(2007BAE42B04);西南科技大学研究生创新基金(13ycjj21)

摘　　要：环境降解地膜在外界光、温、水、气、微生物共同作用下,已从过去的块状崩解实现了"米汤"状"溶解"入土壤环境,但降解后的聚乙烯粉末残余物是否仍旧严重污染土壤环境成为新一轮争议的热点。文章采用L9(34)正交设计,从聚乙烯的分子量、残余量、土壤类型、土壤深度等因素对土壤酶活性影响的角度来研究粉末态聚乙烯残余物对土壤环境的污染状况。结果表明,聚乙烯2 000(数均分子量,下同)和LLDPE(line low density polyethylene)在模拟100 a残余量处理水平下对脲酶和脱氢酶影响最显著,呈现超低分子量和超高分子量在最大残余量时的处理对脲酶和脱氢酶影响最显著的规律。就磷酸酶活性而言,对磷酸酶的影响则呈现出分子量越大、残余量越大影响越显著的趋势。在整个玉米生长周期,处理的3种土壤酶活平均值分别为58.83、89.83和350.79μg/(g·h),是对照平均活度的1.15、1.06和1.19倍,呈现聚乙烯处理后土壤酶活性增加的特征。The environmental degradable mulching film which could realize the block disintegration in past has been developed into ＂rice water＂ appearance, which are dissolved into soil environment under the co-functions of light, temperature, water, atmosphere and microorganisms. However, whether the residues of polyethylene film still have some serious pollution in regard to the soil environment is becoming a new hotspot. In this paper, the orthogonal test L9（34） was applied to investigate the effects of factors including molecular weight of polyethylene, amount of polyethylene residue, soil type and depth of soil on soil enzyme activities. Results indicated that the effects of polyethylene （PE） 2000 （number- average molecular weight, the same below） and line low density polyethylene （LLDPE） on the urease and dehydrogenase were found most dramatically under the treatment of the simulated residues of 100 years. It was concluded that the superhigh and superlow molecular weight in the condition of the maximum residues could affect most significantly the activities of urease and dehydrogenase. The trend was shown that the larger for molecular weight and the more for residues and the more significant for change to the phosphatase. In the whole growth period of maize, the activities of three treated soil enzymes were 58.83, 89.83 and 350.79 μg/（g ＂h） respectively, which were 1.15, 1.06 and 1.19 times compared to the blanks. It suggested that the activities of soil enzymes were increased once soil treated by PE powder.

关 键 词：环境降解地膜 粉末态残余物 土壤酶活性 正交实验 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]