河流型水源保护区划分的法律体系构建与实例  

Construction and Illustration of the Legal System of Delineating Source Water Protection Areas in Rivers

作　　者：林澍[1,2] 范中亚[1] 曾凡棠[1] 萧洁儿[1] 禹琪[1] 植江瑜 李凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]中山大学环境科学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第6期196-200,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：环境保护部华南环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目资助(PM-zx021-201212-004)

摘　　要：因为修订不及时、规定不详细等种种原因,中国对河流型水源保护区划分的法律体系在执行过程中尚存在如下一些问题:对一级保护区水域的长度难以通过计算方法确定,对二级保护区水域长度的计算结果偏大,准保护区缺乏相关规定,技术规范与新修订的法律相冲突。对此,需要明确要求划定准保护区并在准保护区内"禁增"污染源,在行政区边界交接断面要求优于地表水Ⅲ类水质标准进行交接,对划分保护区的技术规范进行修改,一级保护区水域长度可以由经验类比法划定,二级保护区水域长度根据一级保护区水质满足Ⅱ类水质标准的要求,在保护区内排污口拆除、准保护区排污不新增的情景下进行推算。按照上述修订建议建立起来的"一级保护区、二级保护区、准保护区和行政区边界"4个层次的水源河流保护区划体系是更合适、更有效的体系。以广东省F市S区D河为例,进行了水源保护区划定。Due to untimely revision or unenough prescription, there exist some problems in the legal system of delineating source water protection areas in rivers in China during implementing, such as difficult decision of the length of primary protection areas by computation methods, too large length of＂ the secondary protection areas by computation methods, few enacting of legal provisions about semi protection area, ~nd contradiction of technical guideline with the newly-revised law. To solve these problems, semi protection areas need to be defined and the pollution source should be forbidden to add in. Concentrations of all pollutants at the sections on the border between different cities or counties should be required to be superior to Grade l]I of surface water quality standard. Technical guideline for delineating source water protection areas should be revised. The lengths of the primary protection areas are recommended to be decided by analogy method, while the lengths of the secondary protection areas should be computed following the principles of water quality in the primary protection areas satisfactory to Grade 11 water quality standard, with the closing of sewage ouffalls in the protection areas and no increase of pollution source in the semi protection areas. Following above advices on the revision of the legal system, a suitable and powerful four-level source water protection delineation system was established covering requirements about the primary protection areas, secondary protection areas, semi protection areas and the border. Taking a river in Guangdong Province as an example, the source water protection area was illustrated.

关 键 词：河流 水源保护区 划分 法律体系 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]