高温高压条件下油藏内源微生物微观驱油机理  

Microscopic oil displacement mechanism of indigenous microorganisms under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in reservoirs

作　　者：朱维耀[1] 夏小雪[1] 郭省学[2] 李娟[1] 宋智勇[1] 曲国辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司采油工艺研究院,山东东营257000 [3]东北石油大学石油工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《石油学报》2014年第3期528-535,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.50934003);国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05010);科技创新重大项目培育资金项目(FRF-MP-B12006B);中国工程院学部咨询研究项目"中国陆相砂岩油田特高含水期提高采收率关键技术问题及有效开发对策研究"(2013-XY-38)资助

摘　　要：为研究内源微生物微观驱油机理,在模拟油藏高温高压(60℃、10 MPa)条件下,以油田提取的内源微生物群落及其代谢产物作为驱油介质,利用研制的微观仿真光刻蚀可视模型,对水驱、微生物驱油过程中剩余油形态及流动特征进行显微观察和分析;并应用测试和图像处理技术,定量考察微生物微观驱油效果。研究结果表明:高温高压油藏条件下,内源微生物具有一定活性,且驱油效果较好;微生物被激活后,能有效启动不同类型剩余油,并可与代谢产物共同作用于水驱所无法波及到的盲端孔道,置换出剩余油,增强了原油的流动能力,同时可提高采收率。微生物微观驱油机理可归结为:微生物对原油的"啃噬"、降解;产生生物气溶解于原油,降低原油黏度;产生生物表面活性剂层层剥离、乳化剩余油,改变孔隙介质表面的润湿性等。To study the microscopic oil displacement mechanism of indigenous microorganisms,simulation of oil displacement by indigenous microbes and their metabolites obtained from oilfield is carried out under high temperature and high pressure reservoir conditions （60 ℃,10 MPa）.The distribution and flow of remaining oil in process of oil displacement by water flooding and microorganisms is observed and analyzed using a microscopic simulation photoetching visual model.Further,the oil displacement efficiency is quantitatively investigated by applying testing and image processing techniques.The results show that indigenous microorganisms have certain activity under high temperature and high pressure,and better oil displacement efficiency.Activation of microorganisms is conducive to effective ly exploring all kinds of remaining oil; displacement of remaining oil is achieved through combined action of microorganisms and their metabolites on blind hole,instead of water flooding.Thus,the flow ability of crude oil and oil recovery are enhanced respectively.The mechanism of oil displacement by microorganisms can be summarized as below：（1）Absorption and degradation of crude oil by microorganisms; （2） Dissolution of biogas generated by microorganisms in crude oil to reduce its viscosity; （3） Exfoliation and emulsification of remaining oil with biosurfactant produced by microorganisms to change the wettability on the surface of porous media.

关 键 词：高温高压 多孔介质 内源微生物 提高采收率 微观驱油机理 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]