暖温带和北亚热带过渡区白云山植物物种多样性与环境因子相关性  

Research on the correlation between plant species diversity and its main environmental factors of Mt. Baiyunshan in the transitional region from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone

作　　者：许传阳[1] 陈志超[1] 郝成元[1] 丁效东[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广东广州510650

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第3期371-376,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371105)

摘　　要：植物物种多样性及其环境因子关系研究一直是自然地理学和山地生态学的重要研究内容之一，特别是在不同温度带过渡区。该文以位于中国暖温带和北亚热带过渡地区的伏牛山北坡的白云山国家级自然保护区为研究区，采用实地调查法，对1650-2158 m 海拔高度范围内15个样地内的乔木、灌木和草本种类数及乔木丰富度指数（Margalef）和多样性指数Shannon-Wiener进行了统计分析和测算；在此基础上，运用主成分分析法对影响植物物种多样性变化的3类20种环境因子进行分选和排序，并进行相关性分析。主成分分析结果显示，影响白云山植物物种多样性空间格局的3类环境要素贡献率大小排列依次为地形要素最大、土壤性状次之、气象因子最小；海拔、土壤厚度、大气湿度等9种环境因子是影响植物物种多样性空间变化的主要因子。相关性分析结果表明：影响乔木物种多样性变化的环境因子最明确，无论乔本层种类数，还是丰富度指数和多样性指数都与海拔、土壤厚度极显著相关（p〈0.01），与坡向和速效磷含量显著相关（p〈0.05）；草本种类数与大气温度、土壤有机质和土壤碱解氮等微域气象或土壤性状关系密切；而影响灌木物种多样性变化的主要环境因子还尚不清晰，仅有坡向与之有统计上的显著相关性。研究结论丰富了秦岭-伏牛山作为中国主要气候区和生态区分界线的理论依据，同时也丰富了山地生态学理论。The research on the correlation of between plant species diversity and its correlation with environmental factors has been one of the important contents in physical geography and mountain ecology, especially in the transitional region of different＆amp;nbsp;temperature zones. By means of investigation method, the statistical analysis and calculation on species number of arbor, shrub and herb in 15 plots at altitude from 1 650 m to 2 158 m in Mt. Baiyunshan on north slope of Fu’niu Mountains, as well as Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indexes of arbor were carried out. On these bases, the main environmental factors influencing on species diversity were screened out by principal component analysis （PCA）, and the Pearson correlation was also analyzed. According to their contributive percentage of three kinds of environmental factors from PCA, the topography element is the highest, followed the soil element, and the meteorological element is lowest. And nine factors, such as altitude, soil thickness and atmospheric humidity, are the main environmental factors influencing the spatial variation of plant species diversity. Correlation analysis results indicate three ways. Firstly, the environmental factors influencing arbor diversity are most clear, appeared extremely significantly correlation （p〈0.01） with both altitude and soil thickness, and significantly correlation （p〈0.05） with aspect and Olsen-P. Secondly, herb diversity has close correlation with local micrometeorological elements or certain soil property, such as atmospheric temperature, soil organic matter content and available nitrogen content. Thirdly, main environmental factors influencing on shrub diversity have not been definite yet, and there is only aspect factor associated with it in statistical correlation. The conclusions in this study elucidated the boundary effect of Qinling-Fu’niu Mountains, and enriched the theory system of mountain ecology.

关 键 词：植物物种多样性 环境因子 白云山 主成分分析 相关性 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]