森林生态系统土壤呼吸测定方法研究进展  

Methods of measuring of soil respirationin forest ecosystems: A review

作　　者：魏书精[1] 罗碧珍[2] 魏书威[3] 孙龙[2] 文正敏[1] 胡海清[2] 

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西矿冶与环境科学实验中心,土木与建筑工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]兰州理工大学,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第3期504-514,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51208244;31070544);博士科研启动项目(002401003421);广西建筑新能源与节能重点实验室(001102213185);973项目(2011CBA403203);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD37B0104);林业公益性行业科研专项(200804002)

摘　　要：森林是陆地生态系统的主体,是最大的植被碳库和土壤碳库,其碳通量和碳储量的变化对生态系统的碳循环乃至全球碳收支平衡具有决定性影响。土壤呼吸是森林生态系统碳循环过程的关键环节,亦是森林生态系统的碳素向大气输出的主要途径,是土壤圈与大气圈交流的重要形式,是森林生态系统能量流动和物质循环的重要生态过程。目前,土壤呼吸已经成为陆地生态系统向大气排放CO2最大的源,在区域乃至全球碳循环与碳平衡中具有重要作用。随着全球气候变化的加剧,森林土壤呼吸在全球碳平衡中的作用引起了人们的广泛关注,成为科学界研究的热点问题。土壤呼吸测定方法是科学有效地测定土壤呼吸的重要手段以及对土壤呼吸定量化研究的重要媒介,科学有效地加强森林土壤呼吸测定方法的精确化与定量化研究,对了解森林土壤呼吸在全球碳循环和碳平衡中的地位以及实现森林土壤碳汇效应与固碳潜力的研究均有重要意义。本文系统阐明了森林土壤呼吸的国内外研究现状及进展、论述比较了土壤呼吸的各种测定方法,特别比较了静态气室法和动态气室法的优缺点,为人们对测定方法的选择提供参考。虽然测定森林生态系统土壤呼吸的方法均存在某种程度的不足,但目前最理想的方法是动态红外气体分析法,亦是最可靠的方法之一。此外,本文亦阐述了森林生态系统土壤呼吸各组分的区分方法,最后讨论了森林生态系统土壤呼吸测定方法研究存在的问题,探讨了解决问题的方向,并总结了土壤呼吸测定方法研究的趋势以及进一步的研究发展方向。Forest ecosystems are the main terrestrial ecosystems. It is the largest vegetation-and soil carbon pools, and its carbon fluxes and changes in carbon stocks have a decisive influence on the global carbon budget. Soil carbon plays an important role in＆amp;nbsp;global carbon cycle and carbon balance. Soil respiration is hot topic in the area of carbon cycle research. Soil respiration is a key link in the forest ecosystem carbon cycle, the output of the main ways of the forest ecosystem carbon to the atmosphere, important ecological processes of energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems, soil respiration has become a terrestrial ecosystem to the largest source of atmospheric emissions of CO2 , the system plays an important role in regional and global carbon cycle. With the intensification of global climate change, the role of forest soil respiration in the global carbon balance has aroused widespread concern. Scientific and effective way to strengthen the forest soil respiration determination of quantitative research have important significance for understanding the status of forest soil respiration in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance and forest soil carbon sequestration effect. This article illustrates the research advances of the forest soil respiration, a variety of measurement methods of soil respiration, compared the advantages and disadvantages of the static chamber method and dynamic chamber method, although the measurement of forest soil respiration deficiencies, but currently the best method is a dynamic infrared gas analysis method, one of the most reliable method, and elaborated the distinction of forest ecosystem components of soil respiration. Finally, we discuss the problems of forest ecosystems determination of soil respiration, and look determination of trends in soil respiration and further research directions.

关 键 词：森林生态系统 土壤呼吸 测定方法 自养呼吸 异养呼吸 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]