厌氧氨氧化污水处理工艺及其实际应用研究进展  

Research progress in anammox wastewater treatment system and its actual application

作　　者：陈重军[1,2] 王建芳[1] 张海芹[1] 沈耀良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215009 [2]江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第3期521-527,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51308367);苏州科技学院科研基金青年项目(XKQ201303)

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)反应是指在厌氧或者缺氧条件下,厌氧氨氧化微生物以NO2--N为电子受体,氧化NH4+-N为氮气的生物过程。该过程是一种新型自养生物脱氮反应,反应无需外加有机碳源,且污泥产生量小,相对于传统硝化/反硝化脱氮工艺具有显著优势,对处理含高氨氮废水特别是低有机碳源废水具有重大的潜在实际应用价值。近年来,厌氧氨氧化为主体的污水处理工艺已经在各种类型废水处理中得到成功应用,取得了显著的经济和环境效益。综述了厌氧氨氧化反应中常用的亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺(Sharon-Anammox工艺)和完全自养脱氮工艺(CANON工艺)的作用原理、环境调控因子与功能性微生物种群动态分布等最新研究进展,且阐述了两工艺在垃圾渗滤液、厌氧消化液和猪场养殖废水等低碳氮比废水的处理应用效能和最优化控制参数等,为厌氧氨氧化为主体的污水处理工艺的工程化应用提供了技术支撑。最后,总结并介绍了国内外厌氧氨氧化工艺现场规模化应用实例和控制参数,同时,对厌氧氨氧化污水处理工艺实际应用的研究前景及亟待解决的问题进行了展望,认为现场应用中Anammox菌的快速富集培养、有机碳源对Anammox菌的抑制效应以及厌氧氨氧化工艺的广谱适用性等将是厌氧氨氧化工艺大规模应用的难点和热点问题。为厌氧氨氧化工艺实际应用控制和推广提供了理论基础,具有重要的理论和现实意义。As a nocelltype of biological nitrogen removal technology, anaerobic ammonium oxidation （anammox） was a process which was driven by anammox organisms, oxidized ammonium to nitrogen gas using nitrite as the electron acceptor and utilize CO2 as carbon source under anoxic conditions. Compared with the traditional nitrification/denitrification process, anammox has great potential for the practical use in removing nitrogen from the wastewater containing high concentration ammonium and low carbon resources, with no requiration of organic carbon resource and lower sludge production. Nowadays, the anammox wastewater treatment system have been successfully applied in removing nitrogen for various wastewater, with remarkable economic and environmental results. Therefore, this paper reviewed the mechanisms, controlling conditions, advantages, functional microbial populations of Sharon-Anammox and Completely autotrophic ammonium removal over nitrite （CANON） process, respectively. Also, the application performance and controlling parameters in the actual wastewater treatment such as landfill leachate, anaerobic digester effluent and piggery wastewater were explained on both of anammox process. The process provided technical support for anammox engineering applications in sewage treatment. In addition, the field scale applications of anammox process were introduced in the later article. However, further researches are needed to understand prospects and problems of anammox process in actual wastewater treatment were discussed. The rapid enrichment of anammox bacteria, inhibitory effects of organic carbon sources and broad applicability of anammox bacteria would be the most popular topic and difficulty in the anammox engineering application. The article has important theoretical and practical significance for the application and promotion of anammox process.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 污水处理 亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺 完全自养脱氮工艺 实际应用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]