腺苷受体参与阿尔茨海默病的研究进展  

Roles of adenosine receptors in Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：闫蓉[1,2] 胡增峣[1] 周文霞[1] 王奇[2] 张永祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京100850 [2]广州中医药大学临床药理研究所,广东广州510405

出　　处：《药学学报》2014年第6期751-756,共6页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81100239;81302759);国家重大新药创制科技重大专项课题资助项目(2012ZX09301003-002)

摘　　要：腺苷是一种重要的神经调质,主要通过腺苷受体发挥各种生理作用。近年研究发现腺苷受体的分布、类型及表达变化等与学习记忆等认知功能关系密切,在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)等神经退行性疾病发病中发挥了重要作用。目前的研究结果表明,受各种损伤因素的影响,腺苷受体被高水平的腺苷持续激活而导致脑内腺苷受体的失衡,主要表现为A1受体表达减少和A2a受体表达升高,以及A1受体介导抑制作用的减弱和A2a受体介导兴奋作用的增强,进而通过各自介导的信号通路引起一系列神经病理变化,最终导致认知功能障碍。维持腺苷受体的平衡可能是防治AD的一个重要途径,对其深入研究有助于进一步了解AD的发病机制,并提供新的治疗方向和思路。As an important neurotransmitter, adenosine displays its functions by acting on the adenosine receptors. Recent studies have shown that the distribution, expression and balance among subtypes of adenosine receptors are closely related with cognitive activities, and changes of adenosine receptors play key roles in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer＇s disease. It has been pointed out that prolonged activation of adenosine receptors by high level adenosine may lead to the disturbance of balance among adenosine receptor subtypes. This imbalance mainly performed as increased expression of A2a receptor and decreased expression of A1 receptor, and enhancement of the excitatory signals mediated by A2a receptor and weakened inhibitory signals mediated by A1 receptor. Changes of these two subtypes of adenosine receptors may lead to a lot of disorders of neurological activities which developed into dysfunction of cognition to the end. These findings imply that the potential of maintaining the balance among adenosine receptors on the treatment of AD would facilitate both the revealing of the mechanism and the cure of AD.

关 键 词：腺苷 腺苷受体 腺苷受体平衡 阿尔茨海默病 

分 类 号：R964[医药卫生—药理学]