云南某典型锡矿选矿厂重金属污染特征  

Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in typical tin mineral processing plant of Yunnan, China

作　　者：刘月[1] 董颖博[1] 林海[1] 陈月芳[1] 于明利[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2014年第4期1084-1090,共7页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：环保部环保公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201209013)

摘　　要：选择云南某典型锡选矿厂为研究对象,根据产污节点设置废水、粉尘、固体废弃物的采样点,通过取样、测试分析研究不同节点的重金属污染特征,应用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价其污染状况,并对重金属总量进行对比分析。结果表明:锡选矿行业产生的废水以及粉尘中的重金属元素含量明显高于其参比值,尾矿中Zn、As、Cu、Pb含量较高,平均含量分别为2225、1855、870.50、417 mg/kg,尾矿库周边表土重金属含量明显超过背景值并和尾矿中重金属污染情况基本一致。单因子指数法评价结果显示,废水中重金属污染程度由高到低依次为Zn、Pb、As、Hg、Cu(Cd、Cr6+、Sn未检出),粉尘中重金属污染程度由大到小依次为As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cr(Sn缺乏参比值),尾矿库周边表土重金属污染程度由大到小依次为Zn、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Sn、Cd、Hg。内梅罗综合指数法结果表明:精矿过滤设备和粉矿仓这两个节点的重金属污染能力最高,而尾矿库周边土壤综合污染指数达到21.73,远远超过5级评价指标。重金属总量对比分析发现,研究矿区已经形成多种重金属复合污染的特征,其中重金属产生绝对量由大到小依次为Zn、As、Cu、Pb、Sn、Cr、Cd、Hg,且尾矿重金属产生量所占比例最高,达到79.17%。In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in a typical tin mineral processing plant in Yunnan, the water, dust and tailings samples from the discharging nodes were tested by ICP-OES, and single factor pollution index method and Nemerow integrated index method were used to evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution. Finally, the heavy metal contents were analyzed for contrast. The results show that the metal contents in the water and dust samples are higher than reference values. The contents of Zn, As, Cu and Pb in the tailings samples are rich and the average values are 2225, 1855, 870.50 and 417 mg/kg, respectively. The metal contents in soils surrounding the tailings exceed the background levels and are similar to the tailings pollution status. The results of single factor pollution index method shows that the pollution degree of water is in the decreasing order of Zn, Pb, As, Hg, Cu, As, Cd, Cu, and the pollution degrees of dust and soil samples in the decreasing orders of Zn, Pb, Hg, Cr and Zn, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Sn, Cd, Hg, respectively. The Nemerow integrated index results suggest that the pollution degrees of concentrate filtration and fine ore bin are the highest. The Nemerow integrated index of soil samples is 21.73, which is significantly higher than the standard value of surface water classⅣ. The comparative analysis shows that the tin mineral processing plant becomes a combined polluted area by various metals, and the amount of heavy metals is in the decreasing order of Zn, As, Cu, Pb, Sn, Cr, Cd and Hg, and the ratio of heavy metals from tailings is 79.17%, which accounts for the most.

关 键 词：锡 选矿 重金属 污染特征 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程]