青海土族和藏族侧面部轮廓形状及其变异:基于标志点的几何形态测量分析  

Morphometric analysis of the Chinese facial profile: Contour of the side face and its variations in Tu and Zang ethnic minorities

作　　者：李海军[1] 徐晓娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081 [2]中央民族大学信息工程学院,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2014年第16期1516-1524,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41102015);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130102);北京市社会科学规划项目(12LSC013);北京市支持中央在京高校共建项目资助

摘　　要：运用几何形态测量方法分析现代中国人群的侧面轮廓形状及变异.采用基于标志点的几何形态学测量方法对青海互助土族自治县的土族、藏族侧面轮廓形状进行了分析.特征点集的分析显示,土族人群额部的形态变异较小,鼻部较大,唇部及颏部的形态变异最大;藏族人群额部的形态变异较小,鼻部的形态变异较大.土族、藏族眉间点附近变异都较大.平均图形的对比显示,土族、藏族发际点都表现为男性比女性更靠后,鼻下点至鼻尖点间的区域都表现为女性比男性稍上翘.藏族发际点比土族更加靠后,额部更后倾些.主成分分析中,散点图的分布特征在土族和藏族中体现出相似性,都可以根据纵轴将男女大致分开.男女分布范围坐标端点位置的差异显示,女性侧面轮廓呈鼻部不突出,鼻部与额部呈明显圆弧过渡,额部较陡直且与唇部、颏部几乎在同一垂直平面;男性鼻部较突出,额部较低平,鼻凹点凹陷明显,颏部较回缩.异速生长分析中,土族、藏族都表现为男性颏部随侧面尺寸的增大由较突出变为明显回缩;女性的变化主要体现在额部,尺寸值最大时,额部呈明显的圆弧形,而尺寸值最小时,额部相对较竖直.这些相似性可能反映了中国人群面部共同的形态特征表现.Geometric morphometric methods were used to analyze the contour of the side face and its variations in Tu and Zang （Tibetan） ethnic minorities from Qinghai Province, China. The mark point collection revealed that for the Tu ethnicity, the forehead variations were small and variations in the nose were relatively large. The greatest variations occurred around the lips and chin. For the Zang ethnicity, the forehead likewise displayed small variations and the nose major variations. The mark point collection around the glabella evidenced great variations. Comparisons showed that with both the Tu and Zang, the seventh mark collection tended to extrude more in males. The situation, however, was reversed with the trichion landmark collection, where there was an apparent intrusion among males. The area from the subnasale to pronasale showed a more pronounced upward turn in females than in males. There was more intrusion with the trichion among the Zang than with the Tu. Principal component analysis demonstrated similarities between the Tu and Zang： it was possible to make a broad distinction between males and females. The profile at the end of the horizontal axis suggested that the female facial profile has the following features： the nose is not as prominent as in males; an apparent arc links the forehead and nose; the forehead is relatively steep and almost on a vertical plane with the lips and chin. In contrast, males had a more prominent nose, a flatter forehead, an obvious sellion, and an less prominent chin. Allometric analysis indicated that in both the Tu and Zang, the seventh mark in males tended to become more intruded with increased size, and the same was true of the chin area. Variations among females mostly occurred with the forehead. When the size of the forehead was greater, the forehead displayed an arc-like shape; when the forehead was smaller, it had more of a vertical orientation. These similarities may reflect common morphological features in the face of Chinese.

关 键 词：土族 藏族 侧面轮廓 几何形态测量 体质特征 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]