新型强酸性清洁压裂液的研究与应用分析  

Research and application of a novel strong acidic clean fracturing fluid

作　　者：张艳[1] 张士诚[1] 张劲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《科学通报》2014年第16期1573-1580,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2008ZX05024-03-003-004)资助

摘　　要：目前石油压裂领域中所用的清洁压裂液基本均在碱性条件下成胶. 强碱性液体在地层中与岩层反应生成的不溶沉淀物将会对储层渗透率造成严重的伤害，并在施工设备表面形成污垢，难以清除. 本文所述的强酸性清洁压裂液是一种新型的清洁压裂液，通过由表面活性剂和反离子盐在酸溶液中形成的黏弹性流体而进行携砂压裂，其可以在强酸性环境中（pH〈2）成胶从而有效携砂，并应用于80℃以下的地层之中，其抗剪切性能优良，携砂性能和缓蚀效果好，原油破乳率达到90%以上，在地层中遇油气或遇水均能彻底破胶、无残渣，不会对地层造成永久性伤害. 该新型强酸性清洁压裂液集合了酸性压裂液和清洁压裂液二者的优点，在保护地层的同时对油气层既有酸蚀作用，又有支撑压裂作用，尤其对含钙砂岩储层的增产效果十分明显，已经成功应用于大庆油田，单井增产达9倍，增产倍比是普通压裂井的2-4倍.Clean fracturing fluids used in the oil-fracturing field are basically alkaline currently. The insoluble precipitate which produced from the reaction of strong alkaline liquid and reservoir formation will cause serious injury to the reservoir＇s permeability, and the dirt on the surface of construction equipment is difficult to remove. The strong acidic clean fracturing fluid described here is a novel clean fracturing fluid for proppant-fracturing. It is a viscoelastic solution formed by surfactant and counter ion salt in acid solution, which can work in strong acid condition（pH〈2）. It can carry and transport proppant into the specified formation location effectively in the reservoir formation up to 80 ℃. It has excellent shear-resistant performance and sand-carrying properties, and erode-inhibiting effect also. The demulsification rate can reach to 90% and more. The novel acidic clean fracturing fluid will break completely when it have encountered hydrocarbons or water but no permanent damage to the formation was caused. The fracturing fluid has both etching effect and proppant-fracturing effect to calcium sandstone reservoir yield significantly. The novel acidic clean fracturing fluid has been successfully applied to the Daqing Oilfield and got remarkable results. Increasing production reached to 9 times for single well, and the stimulation ratio is 2-4 times to ordinary fractured wells.

关 键 词：强酸性 清洁压裂液 携砂性能 缓蚀性能 破胶性能 

分 类 号：TE357.12[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]