头孢类抗菌药物皮试问卷的调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Skin Test Questionnaire in Cephalosporins

作　　者：裔照国 刘红月[1] 丁哲[1] 季汉超 

机构地区：[1]盐城市第三人民医院,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《抗感染药学》2014年第2期144-146,共3页Anti-infection Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的:分析盐城市第三人民医院头孢类抗菌药物皮试状况,探讨头孢类抗菌药物是否需要进行皮试。方法:将2013年7月—2013年8月间头孢类抗菌药物皮试情况进行问卷调查;对头孢类抗菌药物的使用率以及对皮试阳性发生率的影响因素作一分析。结果:一线抗菌药物(头孢呋辛、头孢曲松)用量达56.14%,二线抗菌药物(头孢地嗪、头孢匹胺、头孢唑肟、头孢美唑、头孢西丁)用量达43.86%;头孢类抗菌药物皮试的阳性率达4.87%,假阴性的比例为0.19%;皮试液的浓度由0.5 mg/mL调整为0.3 mg/mL,其阳性率由6.37%下降至3.92%,应值得关注;特殊人群(年老、妇女、儿童)皮试阳性率占其阳性率的80%以上;皮试阳性与皮试者的年龄、生理、病理有关,尤其是年龄。结论:头孢类抗菌药物皮试阳性率较高,用药前应做皮试,并引起高度重视,进一步优化药物过敏反应的应急机制。Objective： To analyze the skin test conditions in cephalosporin and To discuss whether cephalosporins need conducting skin test in The No.3 People＇s Hospital of Yancheng. Methods： Collecting the skin test questionnaires in cephalosporins in the hospital from Jul.2013 to Aug.2013. Analyzing cephalosporins utilization rate and the incidences which are affecting the positive rate of skin test. Results： For the first-line antibiotics（cefuroxime, ceftriaxone）, utilization rate is 60%, for the second-line antibiotics（cefodizime,cefpiramide,ceftizoxime,cefmetazole,cefoxitin）, utilization rate is 40%; cephalosporins drug-positive rate is 4.87% and false negative rate is 0.19%.When skin test concentration from 0.5 mg/mL adjusted to 0.3 mg/mL, positive rate is from 6.37% down to 3.92%, the concentration. For special population（the elderly, women and children） skin test positive rate accounts for more than 80%; so skin test positive with the age, physiology, pathology, in particular in ages. Conclusions： Cephalosporins skin test positive rate is 4.87%, so skin test should be performed. Hospital should attach a great importance to cephalosporin drugs ideologically, and should further optimize the emergency response mechanism of drug allergies.

关 键 词：头孢类药物 皮试 特殊人群 问卷 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学]