创新的义务:俄罗斯企业型大学政策研究  

The Innovation Obligation: A Study on the Development of Entrepreneurial Universities in Russia

作　　者：何雪莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学高等教育研究所

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2014年第3期23-29,112,共7页Modern University Education

基　　金：教育部青年专项课题"转型国家私立高等教育研究";项目编号:10YJC880045

摘　　要：企业型大学是2005年以来俄罗斯高等教育改革重点,俄罗斯政府希望借此打造世界一流大学,提升经济与国家影响力。俄罗斯成立了联邦大学和国家研究大学,赋予大学以专利独享权,鼓励大学创立企业,与公司合作研发。不仅是大学,公司也处于同样的压力之下,甚至出现"创新的义务"的说法。政府通过税收减免与直接资助推动企业与大学互动,公司代表入驻大学董事会,大学"隐性私有化"。作为俄罗斯高等教育改革智库,经济高等学院解释了俄罗斯高等教育改革的经济逻辑。不过,行政指令可能削弱大学与公司的自然发展和水平联系,人文社会科学备受忽视,学术自由不容乐观,大学教师贫寒,顶尖大学校长鲜有国际化经历,俄罗斯世界一流大学之路依然任重道远。Since 2005,the Russian government has been endeavoring to build entrepreneurial universities or world-class universities so as to boost Russian economy and national prestige. On the one hand,Russia establishes federal universities and national research universities,gives exclusive patent license to universities,and encourages university-industry partnership as well as entrepreneurship in universities. On the other hand,not only universities,but also lots of companies are under the pressure of so-called'innovation obligation'. The government tries to promote the interaction between the university and industry through tax incentives and direct funding.Besides,the university is going through a'covert'privatization when the board is joined by representatives from companies. Higher School of Economics,Russia's higher education think tank,has explained the economic reasons for higher education reform in Russia.However,there are also quite a few problems preventing Russia's universities from becoming world-class ones,for instance,administrative order from the government may turn out to be rather detrimental to the natural connection between the university and industry,humanities and social sciences still receive little attention,academic freedom cannot be fully guaranteed,most university teachers remain rather poor,and most of the presidents of Russia's top universities lack international learning or teaching experience.

关 键 词：一流大学 企业型大学 创新 经济逻辑 学术自由 

分 类 号：G649.70[文化科学—高等教育学]