巢湖流域十五里河水体与表层沉积物生物可利用磷(BAP)研究  

Researches on Bioavailable Phosphorus in Water and Surface Sediment of Shiwuli River in Chaohu Lake Catchment

作　　者：宗宁[1] 龚莹[1] 李玉成[1] 郑刘根[1] 罗军[2] 谢毫 王宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]南京大学环境学院/污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,江苏南京210093 [3]淮南煤矿生态环境保护国家工程实验室,安徽淮南232000

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2014年第3期346-351,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC10B02);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07103-004);国家自然科学基金(41172121;41373108);安徽省自然科学基金(1208085ME66);安徽省教育厅重点基金(KJ2012A022);煤矿生态环境保护国家工程实验室科技攻关项目(HKKY-JT-JS2012);安徽大学博士启动基金(12333190121)

摘　　要：研究了巢湖十五里河水体与表层沉积物的氮磷分布,并采用传统化学分析法和梯度扩散膜技术(DGT)分析了沉积物中生物可利用磷(BAP)含量。结果表明,十五里河水体正磷酸盐(DIP)和总磷(TP)浓度自上游至下游呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且一直保持在富营养化水平〔ρ(DIP)≥0.343 mg·L-1,ρ(TP)≥0.676 mg·L-1〕,上游的污水汇入是导致水体磷浓度急剧升高的主要原因,中游污染源少而使磷浓度下降,下游农业面源与支流的汇入又使磷浓度有所增加。沉积物中4种BAP含量由高到低依次为藻类可利用磷(AAP)含量、NaHCO3提取磷(Olsen-P)含量、水溶性磷(WSP)含量和易解吸磷(RDP)含量,其中沉积物w(AAP)和w(Olsen-P)与沉积物w(TP)之间呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。中下游河段沉积物孔隙水中磷具有向水体迁移的趋势,说明这些沉积物磷有自孔隙水向上覆水扩散的潜在风险。十五里河BAP含量检测结果表明,DGT技术与传统化学方法检测结果相关性显著,因此DGT技术可作为今后十五里河BAP分析研究的重要工具。Contents of bioavailable phosphorus （BAP） in water and surface sediment of the Shiwuli River in the Chaohu Lake Catchment were analyzed using the conventional chemical analysis method and diffusive gradients in thin-films （DGT） technology, to study N and P distributions in the water and surface sediment of the river. Results show that the concentrations of orthophosphate and total phosphorus ascended first along with the river from the upper reaches downwards and then descended and leveled off above the eutrophication level[ρ（DIP）≥ 0.343 mg·L-1，ρ（TP）≥ 0.676 mg·L-1]. The inflow of sewage at the upper reaches is the main cause of the drastic rise of phosphorus concentration in the water and then the concentration decreased in the mid reaches of the river thanks to the reduction of sewage inflow. However, P concentration rose somewhat in the lower reaches, because of the influx of tributaries and agricultural non-point source pollution. In the sediment, four fractions of BAP were found and followed with an order of AAP ＞ Olsen-P ＞ WSP ＞ RDP in concentration. AAP and Olsen-P were significantly correlated with TP content. In the sediments in the mid and lower reaches of the river, P in the pore water tended to transfer into river water, which indicates that certain potential risk existed of P in pore water diffusing into overlaying water. The determination of BAP in the river revealed that significant correlation exists between the DGT technology and the conventional chemical method （P 〈 0.01）. It is, therefore, concluded that the DGT technology can be used as a reliable tool to accurately analyze the water in the Shiwuli River for BAP content in future.

关 键 词：生物可利用性磷 梯度扩散膜技术 水体 孔隙水 十五里河 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]