不同比例蚓粪对旱地土壤微生物学特性以及酶活性的影响  

Changes of microbial characteristics and enzyme activities in the upland soil amended with different quantities of vermicompost

作　　者：张池[1] 陈旭飞[1] 周波[1] 张聪俐[1] 李静娟[1] 张静[1] 戴军[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2014年第1期118-124,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41201305);广东省自然科学基金博士启动项目(S2012040007806);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2012M511819);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2011A09020003)

摘　　要：在试验室条件下,通过将不同比例的蚓粪(0、5%、10%和20%)施用于赤红壤旱地土壤,进行为期30d的玉米盆栽试验,研究蚓粪施用对各处理土壤的微生物学特征和酶活性的影响。蚓粪添加能够显著增加土壤溶解性碳、碱解氮和速效磷含量,提高土壤的微生物碳和氮的含量,同时降低微生物量碳氮比(P<0.05)。5%的蚓粪处理显著促进了微生物呼吸速率和代谢熵,同时5%,10%和20%蚓粪处理均显著增加土壤过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。随着土壤中蚓粪比例的增加,微生物量碳氮和酶活性显著增强(P<0.05),其过氧化氢酶和转化酶、脲酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶分别与溶解性碳、碱解氮和速效磷含量呈现显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。多元数据分析结果进一步显示:与对照和5%的蚓粪处理相比,10%和20%蚓粪处理综合生物学特征差异显著(P<0.05),但10%和20%蚓粪处理间差异不大(P>0.05)。在实际农田管理中,蚓粪的施入量应控制在10%以内。将蚯蚓堆制技术引入禽畜粪便处理,生产无害、高品质的有机肥-蚓粪,其对可持续农业生产、环境保护和生态循环均具有重要意义。The pot culture of maize was conducted for 30 days in laboratory condition with adding vermicompost at four levels of 0,5％,10％ and 20％.Soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were evaluated in the soil.The results showed that ddding vermicompost remarkably enhanced the contents of dissolved organic carbon,available nitrogen and phosphorus,microbial carbon and nitrogen (P＜0.05),while the ratio of microbial carbon and nitrogen was decreased (P＜0.05).Soil respiration rate and metabolic quotient were significantly improved in 5％ vermicompost treatment.The enzyme activities were enhanced in 5％,10％ and 20％ vermicompost treatments as well.The contents of microbial carbon and nitrogen,activities of catalase and invertase,urease,acid and alkaline phosphatase increased remarkably with increasing vermicompost rates (P ＜ 0.05).There weresignificant positive relationships among dissolved carbon,available nitrogen and phosphorus (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the biological parameters were significant higher in high dose of vermicompost (10％ and 20％) than those of low dose(control and 5％ vermicompost).There was not remarkable difference in soil biological properties between the treatments adding 10％ and 20％ vermicompost.It is thus suggested that the amount of vermicompost should be controlled within 10％ in practical use.It is evident that vermicompost is a good method for treating livestock wastes and provides with a harmless and high quality organic fertilizer.It is of great significances for the sustainable agriculture,environmental protection and ecological circulation.

关 键 词：蚓粪 旱地土壤 微生物学性状 酶活性 

分 类 号：S858.252.5[农业科学—临床兽医学] S858.32[农业科学—兽医学]