内蒙古河套灌区玉米与向日葵霜冻的关键温度  

Key temperatures of corn and sunflower during cooling process in Hetao irrigation district,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王海梅 侯琼 云文丽 高飞翔 杨钦宇 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区气象科学研究所,呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区气象局,临河015000

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第11期2948-2953,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(201206046)

摘　　要：以玉米和向日葵幼苗为试验材料,利用MSX-2F人工模拟霜箱系统模拟自然霜冻的降温过程,通过测定幼苗叶片的温度,观测植株冻伤、死亡情况,观测河套灌区两种主要作物玉米和向日葵的过冷却点、结冰点温度,确定以上两种作物受冻的临界温度。研究结果表明:(1)玉米幼苗全部冻死的最低温度为≤-5℃;向日葵幼苗全部冻死的最低温度为≤-6℃;(2)玉米幼苗的过冷却点主要分布在-3.5—-5℃之间,而向日葵幼苗的过冷却点主要分布在-4.0—-5.5℃之间;(3)玉米叶龄、高度与组织过冷能力呈现极显著正相关,与过冷却点温度呈现极显著的负相关,与结冰点呈现显著的负相关。以上结果表明:向日葵的抗寒能力比玉米强;玉米在一定叶龄范围内,苗龄越大,高度越高,其过冷却点越低,结冰点越低,抗寒性越强。Based on the seedlings of corn and sunflower, we used the MSX-2F artificial frost box system to simulate the natural frost cooling process, leaf temperature was obtained by the thermocouple probe, combined with the frostbite and death statistics, we determined the temperature of super cooling point and freezing point of corn and sunflower, and determined the frost critical temperature in Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigation district. The results of the study showed that： （1）the temperature of corn be frozen to death is ≤-5℃, the temperature of sunflower be frozen to death is ≤-6℃; （2）the super cooling point of corn concentrated in the range of -3.5—-5℃, and the super cooling point of sunflower concentrated in the range of -4.0—-5.5℃; （3） There was very significant positive correlation exited between the corn leaf age, height and organization super cooling ability; there was very significant negative correlation exited between the corn leaf age, height and the temperature of organization super cooling, and the significant negative correlation exited between the corn leaf age, height and the temperature of freezing point. The analyses showed that the cold resistant ability of sunflower was stronger than corn, and the bigger seedling, and the higher the height, the lower super cooling point and the freezing point were, which showed that the stronger cold resistant ability was.

关 键 词：河套灌区 霜冻 抗寒能力 过冷却点 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.5