不同栽培方式对油菜根系形态构型和产量的影响  

Effects of different planting methods on root system architecture and yield of oilseed rape

作　　者：张瑛[1,2] 丁广大[1,2] 蔡红梅[2] 徐芳森[1,2] 石磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2014年第4期25-32,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才项目(NCET-13-0809);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2011CB109302)

摘　　要：以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)常规种"华双5号"和杂交种"华油杂10号"为试验材料,采用田间小区试验考察直播、直接拔苗移栽和锄头辅助拔苗移栽方式下油菜全生育期根系形态构型、地上部生物量和产量的差异。结果表明,在播种时间和种植密度相同的条件下,同一生育期2个品种直播油菜的根系形态指标(根干质量、主根长、主根直径和根体积等)显著高于锄头辅助拔苗移栽,锄头辅助拔苗移栽油菜的根系形态指标显著高于直接拔苗移栽;地上部生物量和产量各处理间具有显著差异,表现为直播>锄头辅助拔苗移栽>直接拔苗移栽。同一处理,相同时期华油杂10号根系形态指标、地上部生物量和产量均显著高于华双5号。油菜地上部生长和产量均与根系性状密切相关,干质量大、主根粗,粗壮一级侧根多的根系有助于吸收养分和水分,地上部生长好,产量高。Field plot experiments were conducted to investigate the root morphology and architec- ture traits,shoot biomass and seed yield of Huashuang 5 （HSS, conventional variety） and Huayouza 10 （HZ10,hybrid variety） （Brassica napus L. ） under three cultivation methods including direct seeding （DS）,direct transplanting （DT） and assistant transplanting with hoe （AT） during the whole growth stage. The results showed that root traits such as root dry weight, primary root length, root diameter and root volume under DS were more （better） than that under AT,the latter were more （better） than that under DT at the same growth stage with the same density and sowing time. Significant difference was existed in shoot biomass and seed yield among the three cultivation methods in the order of DS〉AT） DT at the same growth stage. Root traits, shoot biomass and seed yield of HZl0 were better （higher） than that of HS5 at the same growth stage. Shoot hiomass and seed yield were significantly correlated with root traits in oilseed rape under all the three cultivation methods. Varieties with greater root dry weight,thicker primary root and more 1st order lateral roots can absorb more nutrient and water, and produce more biomass and seed yield. Root breeding would play more important roles in improving seed yield of oilseed rape.

关 键 词：油菜 直播 移栽 根系 生物量 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]