单频静态GPS在滑坡监测中的高程精度分析  

An analysis of height precision in applying single frequency static GPS to landslide monitoring

作　　者：林昊[1] 范景辉[2] 洪友堂[1] 涂鹏飞[3] 郭小方[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [3]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,宜昌443002

出　　处：《国土资源遥感》2014年第2期74-79,共6页Remote Sensing for Land & Resources

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项(编号:2010DFB23380);中国地质调查局青年地质英才计划共同资助

摘　　要：GPS给测绘工作带来了极大的便利,其平面测量精度已达到亚mm级。但由于受电离层、多路径效应、几何精度因子和天线高量取等因素影响,GPS测得的高程数据很少被精密测量工作者采用。在三峡库区树坪滑坡合理布设形变监测网的基础上,经长期监测得出大量水准和GPS实测数据;以水准测量数据为基准,分析单频静态GPS测量高程在滑坡垂向形变监测中的应用精度。结果表明,单频静态GPS的垂向形变监测精度为±2 cm;依照滑坡监测规范,形变监测精度应大于其测量周期内形变量的1/5,因而可以得出单频静态GPS适用于监测周期内垂向形变在10 cm以上的滑坡的结论。对于树坪滑坡,第2期到第3期的垂向形变达到30 cm,GPS测量可以很好地提供监测数据,但不适用于其他处于缓变状态监测周期的滑坡。As we all know, GPS has brought great convenience to surveying and mapping work. Its horizontal accuracy has reached sub-millimeter. However, due to the influences of such factors as the effects of ionosphere, multipath effect, GDOP （ geometric dilution of precision ） and height of antenna, the vertical deformation measurements from GPS are seldomly used by precision survey workers. Based on the reasonable layout of deformation monitoring network of Shuping landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the authors obtained a large number of leveling and GPS data from long -term monitoring, and used leveling data as the reference to analyze the height precision of single - frequency static GPS in landslide vertical deformation monitoring. The results show that the vertical deformation monitoring precision of single-frequency static GPS is ＆#177; 2cm, that the deformation monitoring accuracy should be greater than 1/5 of deformation in the measurement period according to the monitoring code of landslide, and that single frequency static GPS is suitable for the landslide whose vertical deformation is above 10 cm in its monitoring period. For the Shuping landslide,GPS measurement can provide good monitoring data in the second to third period whose vertical deformation is up to 30 cm,but it is unsuitable for other monitoring periods in slow state.

关 键 词：三峡库区 滑坡监测 GPS测量 高程 精度分析 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P228.4[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]