不同控释氮肥对夏玉米同化物积累及氮平衡的影响  

Effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer application on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen balance of summer maize

作　　者：司东霞[1,2] 崔振岭[1] 陈新平[1] 吕福堂[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]聊城大学农学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第6期1745-1751,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303103);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118606);CAU-Agrium合作项目资助

摘　　要：选用聚酯包膜尿素（Ncau、CRU）、磷矿粉包膜尿素（NhnP）和腐殖酸包膜尿素（NhnF）4种控释氮肥，研究了在区域推荐用量下一次性施用对夏玉米同化物累积分配及环境效应的影响．结果表明：控释氮肥CRU和Ncau的氮素释放曲线与夏玉米的氮素吸收吻合较好；与区域氮素推荐施肥技术相比，施用CRU的夏玉米产量可提高4．2％，施用Ncau可维持相近的产量水平；CRU显著增加了夏玉米花后干物质的累积量，Ncau则明显提高了花前干物质的累积比例；在降雨量较大的情况下，CRU可使氮素表观损失减少19kgN·hm^-2．一次性施用NhnF和NhnP可造成0．1％-8．9％的产量损失，氮素表观损失增加．CRU和Ncau两种控释氮肥均可在“总量控制、分期调控”的区域氮肥推荐用量下，作为区域氮肥推荐施肥的轻简化替代技术应用于夏玉米生产．Effects of four controlled release nitrogen （N） fertilizers, including two kinds of polyes- ter coated urea （Ncau, CRU） and phosphate （NhnP） and humic acid （NhnF） coated urea on as- similates accumulation and nitrogen balance of summer maize were investigated in a mode of one- time fertilization at the regional N recommended rate. The results showed that the N release curves of the two controlled release fertilizers CRU and Ncau matched well with the summer maize N up- take. Compared with the regional N recommendation rate, CRU could increase maize yield by 4.2% and Ncau could maintain the same yield level. CRU significantly increased the dry matter ac- cumulation rate after anthesis of summer maize, but Ncau markedly increased the dry matter accu- mulated ratio before anthesis. Meanwhile, CRU could reduce the apparent N losses by 19 kg N · hm^-2 in the case of large precipitation. However, NhnF and NhnP caused the yield losses by 0.1% -8.9%, and enhanced the apparent N losses. Therefore, both CRU and Ncau with one-time fertilization could be a simplified alternative to the ＂total control, staging regulation＂ fertilization technique at the regional N recommended rate for summer maize production.

关 键 词：控释肥料 夏玉米 氮素释放 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]