雌雄福寿螺耐寒能力的差异  

Gender differences of Pomacea canaliculata in cold tolerance

作　　者：郭靖[1] 徐武兵[1] 章家恩[1,2,3] 赵本良[1,2,3] 罗明珠[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院生态学系,广州510642 [2]农业部华南热带农业环境重点开放实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第6期1791-1798,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1131006;30770403;30900187);广东省科技计划项目(2007B020709007;2011B020309009);广东省高等学校高层次人才项目(粤教师函2010[79]号);广东省引进国(境)外高层次人才智力项目(粤外专[201051号])资助

摘　　要：为了解福寿螺耐寒性是否存在性别差异,对华南地区的雌雄福寿螺进行了过冷却研究及低温胁迫下存活率调查,并对入冬前后其体内耐寒性生理生化物质进行测定.结果表明:雌雄螺的过冷却点均值分别为-6.83℃和-6.26℃,雌螺过冷却点显著低于雄螺;进入冬季后,福寿螺自由水含量明显下降,结合水、甘油、脂肪、糖原含量均出现明显上升,除甘油外,其余各耐寒性生理指标均存在极显著的性别差异;未经过冷驯化的雌雄福寿螺经过10℃处理7d后存活率均在90%以上,继续在5℃下培养7 d后存活率出现明显的性别差异和壳高差异.野外调查发现在福寿螺自然种群中雌螺多于雄螺.表明福寿螺雌螺的耐寒能力强于雄螺.这对进一步探索福寿螺的生态适应性、自然性比及其耐寒性机制有一定的参考价值.In order to understand whether Pomacea canaliculata exhibits gender differences in cold resistance, the survival rate and supercooling point of both P. canaliculata females and males were investigated at low temperature. The changes in physiological and biochemical indices in the body of P. canaliculata before and after the winter were also examined. The results showed that the mean supercooling point of females was -6.83 ℃, which was significantly lower than that of the males （ -6.26 ℃ ）. With the arrival of winter, the amounts of bound water, glycerol, lipid and glycogen of P. canaliculata increased, while the amount of free water decreased. These indices except gly- cerol showed significant differences between males and females. More than 90% non-acclimated snails could survive at the temperature of 10 ℃ for 7 days. The survival rate of snails exhibited sig- nificant differences in sex and shell height after being transferred at 5 ℃ for 7 days. In addition, more females were recorded during field investigation. Based on these results, we concluded that the females had higher cold tolerance than the males. This finding would provide some references for further investigation of ecological adaptation, natural sex ratio and cold tolerance mechanisms of P. canaliculata.

关 键 词：福寿螺 耐寒性 季节性变化 过冷却 性比 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]