专利质量的司法控制  

Patent Quality Controlled by Judiciary

作　　者：梁志文[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2014年第3期61-73,178,共13页The Jurist

基　　金：笔者主持的教育部人文社科研究一般项目"专利法信息披露规则研究"(项目编号:10YJC820066)的中期研究成果;中国博士后科学基金项目"药品创新的知识产权保护"(项目编号:2012M510678)资助

摘　　要：专利申请量和授权量急剧增长,大大超出产业的创新规模,使专利权的质量备受质疑。在不同的专利改革方案中,伯克-莱姆利方案强调法院在控制专利质量方面的作用,并认为它最具效率。我国法院在侵权之诉中以不侵权抗辩为手段,以权利要求的解释为媒介,间接处理专利权效力争议,扩大了法院审查专利权效力的权力,是中国版的伯克-莱姆利方案。当然,法院间接处理专利权效力的范围应限于明显无效的情形。这一路径为最高人民法院的判例所确认,也为专利法上现有的技术(设计)抗辩所承认。此外,法院依行政诉讼法审查专利效力,处理的数量远远少于有效专利、民事争议以及适用专利无效宣告行政程序的数量,故有必要予以提升。There are almost unanimous agreements to doubt the patent quality because of the numbers of patent application and patent grant which exceed the scale of industry innovation.Although various ways to address this problem have been proposed by policymakers and scholars,the solution proposed by Professor Burk and Lemley emphasizes the important role of judiciary,which is the best efficient path for improving patent quality.Chinese edition of Burk-Lemley solution holds that courts,construing patent claims during patent civil lawsuit,shall focus on noninfringement instead of invaliding patent directly.This solution,recognized by the cases under Supreme People's Court and defense of prior art under patent law,has extended power of Chinese judiciary,and also shall be limited to specific situation which has evident mistakes for granting patent In China,special courts declare patent invalidity through administrative lawsuit,and this procedure shall be improved because of the numbers of such lawsuit less than the number of valid patent,civil lawsuit and administrative review of patent.

关 键 词：专利质量 伯克-莱姆利方案 专利权效力 权利要求解释 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]