五节芒与荻人工杂交种F_1群体开花物候与生殖特性研究  

Flowering phenology and reproductive features of artificial F_1 hybrids between Miscanthus floridulus and M. sacchariflorus

作　　者：艾辛[1] 朱玉叶[2,3] 蒋建雄[2] 龙卫[2] 李莎莎[2] 易自力[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺园林学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学生命科学学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南省常德市农业科学研究所,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《草业学报》2014年第3期118-126,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271788);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10020903)资助

摘　　要：对五节芒与荻种间人工杂交种群体的开花物候、花粉育性、结实率和花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行了观察,结果表明,1)F1植株群体和个体花期持续时间长,从6月上中旬至10月中下旬,个体之间花期具很高同步性;通过对抽穗开花分蘖数的统计分析,在杂交种的持续开花过程中,可以将群体和个体的花期分为2个开花高峰,第1次开花高峰出现在6月,第2个开花高峰期出现在9月;从孕穗期和始花期的时间看,杂交种66.07%的个体的花期偏向于早花的荻亲本,31.25%的个体的花期与亲本五节芒相近,只有2.68%的花期晚于五节芒,说明早花性状的遗传力高;开花物候指数与结实率之间的相关分析结果表明,始花时间与结实率呈负相关关系,开花数和花期持续时间与结实率呈正相关关系。2)亲本荻和五节芒花粉育性较高,可育花粉率显著高于F1群体植株;F1群体2次开花高峰的花粉育性分别为(50.79±18.61)%,(65.42±14.71)%,第2次开花高峰时的花粉育性比第1次开花高峰时高;花粉育性在杂交种群体个体间有较大的差异,平均变异系数为29.56%;花粉育性与结实率的关系不密切,相关系数低,未达到显著性水平。3)种间杂交种F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂基本正常,只有少部分的花粉母细胞出现染色体的异常行为,各时期异常行为率均低于2.0%。本试验结果说明五节芒和荻有很近的亲缘关系,开花物候和生殖特性的研究数据表明杂交种进行进一步遗传改良不存在障碍。Flowering phenology and reproductive features of hybrid offspring are the chief factors that reflect the potentiality of genetic improvement in breeding project. In our study, we investigated the flowering phenology and reproductive features （pollen fertility, seed setting artificial F1 population crossed by M. floridulus and M. and the process of meiosis in pollen production） of an sacchariflorus. The main results were： 1） The flower ing periods of both F1 population and individual plants are generally long, from the early or mid-June to mid or late-October, individual plants in the population showed high degree of flowering synchrony; the flowering duration of population and single plant can divided into two peaks based on the statistical number of spikelets and tillering during the flowering stage, which appeared at June and September respectively; according to the booting and onset stage, 66.07% individuals were more like the parent species M. sacchariflorus, while other 31.25 % were prone to M. floridulus, only 2.68 % individuals showed extremely late flowering, these indicated early flowering has dominant heritability; Seed setting rate was negatively correlated with flowering onset, and positively correlated with flowering number and duration. 2） The parent species M. floridulus and M. sac chariflorus had high degree of pollen fertility, while the rate of fertility pollen of F1 population was obvious higher than of the parents; the pollen fertility of the F, population in the second peak is higher than that of the first peak, were （65.42± 14.71）% and （50.79 ±18.61）% respectively; The pollen fertility was significant va riant among the F1 population, the average variant coefficient reach 29.56%; the pollen fertility seemed to with no correction with seeding setting rate. 3）The meiosis process of the pollen mother cell was general normal in the F1 plants, only small part which less than 2% had chromosome abnormalities. All the above results indicated M. floridulus and M. sacchariflorus

关 键 词：五节芒 荻 杂交种 开花物候 结实率 减数分裂行为 

分 类 号：S578[农业科学—作物学]