红豆草病害研究进展  

Progress in research on the diseases of Onobrychis viciaefolia

作　　者：聂红霞[1] 高峰[2] 段廷玉[1] 李彦忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃农业职业技术学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2014年第3期302-312,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：全国优秀博士学位论文项目(201068);教育部博士点基金(20100211110013;20110211120032);国家自然科学基金(31272496)资助

摘　　要：病害是红豆草生产的限制因素之一,目前共有32种,其中主要为菌物病害(27种),另外还有细菌病害(2种)、病毒病(1种)、线虫病(2种)。就每个国家发生的病害数而言,中国有24种、英国9种、伊朗5种、土耳其3种、加拿大2种、美国1种、前苏联和德国均1种。在这些菌物病害中,仅在英国、伊朗、土耳其等国外发生的有白粉病、格孢腔环斑病和疫霉根腐病等3种,仅在我国发生的菌物病害有尾孢叶斑、刺盘孢炭疽病、丝囊霉根腐病等13种,其病原共36种;21种危害茎叶病害,5种危害根病,1种系统危害全株。在我国发生的菌物病害中,甘肃发生的种类最多,有20种,其次新疆9种、内蒙古5种,其他省区发生数更少。在细菌、病毒和线虫病害中,除细菌性茎疫病在我国有发现之外,其余均发生于国外。国内外对其白粉病、锈病和黑腐病等常发性茎叶病害的危害程度、发生规律和防治等方面得到不同程度的研究,但对根病、系统性病害和其他茎叶病研究较少,今后有必要更多关注影响我国红豆草生长的数种最主要病害,在病原准确鉴定的基础上加强病害监测和发生规律研究,并制定出切实可行的防治策略。Disease is one end of 2011, 32 diseases terial diseases, 1 virus d of the had been isease and iting factors for the production of sainfoin （Onobr found in this legume forage world wide, including 2 nematode diseases. Of the fungal diseases, 24 ychis viciaefolia ）. By the 27 fungal diseases, 2 bacwere found in China, 9 in Britain, 5 in Iran, 3 in Turkey, 2 in Canada, and 1 in each of the former Soviet Union and Germany. Among these diseases, 13 such as leaf spot （Cercospora sp. ）, anthracnose （Colletotrichum truncatum ） and root rot （Aphanomyces euteiches） only occurred in China, whereas 3 diseases, powdery mildew （Erysiphe trifolii）, ring spot （Pleospora herbarum ） and root rot （Phytophthora citricola, P. cryptogea, P. megasperma） only occurred abroad. In total, there were 36 fungal species pathogenic on the plant. Of the plant tissues damaged, 21 were found in leaves and stems, 5 in root systems, and 1 which can cause systematic infection in the whole plant. In China, 20 were found in Gansu, 9 in Xinjiang, 5 in Inner Mongolia and fewer in other provinces. These bacteria, virus and nematode diseases occurred abroad except for stem epidemic disease （Pseudomonas syingae）. Up to now, the loss, life cycle and management of some frequently occurring stem-leaf diseases such as powdery mildew, rust （Uromyces onobrychis）, black rot （Alternaria tenuis） have been studied at various levels but there have been few studies on most of the stem-leaf diseases, root diseases and systematic diseases.Therefore, it is necessary to focus on several important diseases and to accurately identify their causal agents,frequently survey their dynamics and clearly determine their occurrence. The aim of this review is to propose effective management strategies for farmers.

关 键 词：红豆草 病害 危害 发生规律 防治 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S541.4[农业科学—植物保护]