紫根水葫芦对富营养化水体中氮磷的净化效果研究  

Purification Effect of Eutrophic Water Body by Purple-root Water Hyacinth

作　　者：展巨宏 李强[1] 邓莎[1] 蔡倩[1] 赵世民[1,2] 潘学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650500 [2]昆明市环境监测中心,昆明650028

出　　处：《地球与环境》2014年第3期389-396,共8页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家863项目(2010AA06Z301)

摘　　要：以普通水葫芦和紫根水葫芦为试材,分别在室内和室外条件下,研究了两种水葫芦对富营养化水体中氮磷污染物的净化效果。结果表明:经过18d试验,不同条件下两种水葫芦均可提高水体中NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN、PO43--P、DTP和TP的去除率,且超过90%,但紫根水葫芦对氮磷污染物的去除率和去除速率均优于普通水葫芦。室内条件下,两种水葫芦均可降低碱性水体的pH值,紫根水葫芦组EC值高于普通水葫芦组的原因可能是由于其庞大的根系分泌了更多的化感物质;紫根水葫芦组ρ(DO)和ORP值均高于普通水葫芦组,表现出更好的水质净化效果。室外条件下,紫根水葫芦组水体中藻类的数量下降了4个数量级,明显好于普通水葫芦组和对照组。试验表明,紫根水葫芦不仅对富营养化水体中氮磷污染物的净化效果优于普通水葫芦,而且对水体理化指标的影响和藻类的去除效果均优于普通水葫芦,可以作为一种新型改良植物品种对富营养化水体进行修复。By taking common water hyacinth and purple-root water hyacinth as the test materials,the purification effects of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions in eutrophic water body by the two kinds of water hyacinths under laboratory and outside conditions were studied,respectively.The results indicated that after 18days of test,the removal ratios of NH4^ ＋-N,NO3^--N, TN,PO4 ^3--P,DTP and TP by the two kinds of water hyacinths increased by more than 90%,still the removal rates and removal ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions by purple-root water hyacinths were better than those by common water hyacinths under different conditions.Under the laboratory condition,the two kinds of water hyacinths both can reduce the pH of the alkaline water body.The reason why the EC values of purple-root water hyacinth groups were higher than those of common water hyacinth groups may be the large roots of purple-root water hyacinths which had secreted more allelochemicals;ρ（DO） and ORP values in the water of purple-root water hyacinth groups were both higher than those of common water hyacinths,the purple-root water hyacinth groups showed better purification effect.Under the outside condition,the number of algae in purple-root water hyacinth groups decreased by 4orders of magnitude,much better than common water hyacinth groups and the control groups.This study indicated that the purple-root water hyacinths not only merely had better purification effect of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions in eutrophic water body,but also had better impact on physical and chemical indicators and removal effect of algae than common water hyacinths,therefore they can be served as a new type of improved plant variety to restore eutrophic water bodies.

关 键 词：富营养化 紫根水葫芦 氮 磷 植物修复 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]