救助、就业与福利依赖——兼论关于中国低保制度“养懒汉”的担忧  

Assistance,Employment and Welfare Dependence——Discussion on the Worries about“Raising Idler”by Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System in China

作　　者：张浩淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2014年第5期163-169,共7页

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"我国发展型社会救助模式研究"的阶段性成果(项目编号:13CSH107);四川大学引进人才科研启动项目的阶段性成果(项目编号:YJ201310)

摘　　要：西方关于福利依赖及其对就业的负面影响的讨论从1980年起成为热点,主流观点认为救助对于贫富差距的调节作用有限,且可能造成福利依赖,不利于就业甚至影响经济发展。受其影响,近年来中国学界和公共平台也出现了关于低保这项救助制度"养懒汉"的担忧。文章通过回顾国内外现有的理论和经验研究,分析了救助是否必然导致福利依赖、就业是否能避免福利依赖以及中国的低保制度是否存在"养懒汉"问题这三个议题,提出救助、就业和福利依赖的关系是复杂的,它并非通常认为的"救助会导致福利依赖,而就业能避免福利依赖"。救助和就业并非"对立"或简单的替代关系,应从"协调"的角度来重新认识二者关系。Discussion about welfare dependence and its negative influence on employment has become heated topic since 1980s in western countries. Some conventional wisdom contends that assistance plays a limited role in adjusting the gap between the rich and the poor, and it results in welfare dependence which does harm to employment. Under its influence, it has appeared worries about ＂raising idler＂ by Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System in China recently. This article reviews existing theoretical and empirical studies, and analyzes three main topics including whether assistance is bound to lead to welfare dependency, whether employment is able to avoid welfare dependence and whether there is an issue of ＂raising idler＂ by Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System in China. The author argues that the relationship among assistance, employment and welfare dependence is rather compli- cated. The common understanding of ＂assistance leads to dependence and employment avoids dependence＂ is not always right. Assistance and employment is not the opposite and the simple replacing relationship. We should reevaluate the relationship between assistance and employment from the perspective of coordination.

关 键 词：社会救助 就业 福利依赖 低保制度 

分 类 号：C979[经济管理—劳动经济]