不同河蟹放养密度对养蟹稻田水环境及水稻产量影响的研究  

A study on effects of different crab stocking density on water environment and rice yield

作　　者：孙文通[1,2,3] 张庆阳[1,2,3] 马旭洲[1,2,3] 王武[1,2,3] 王昂[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2014年第3期366-373,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2011GA680001);上海市中华绒螯蟹产业技术体系(D8003-10-0208);欧盟FP7亚欧水产平台(245020);上海高校知识服务平台水产动物遗传育种中心(ZF1206)

摘　　要：为研究稻蟹共作对水环境和水稻产量的影响,在水稻本田期、返青期、分蘖期、拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期分别采集不同河蟹放养密度的稻蟹共作稻田(低密度,仔蟹放养密度18 ind/m2;高密度,仔蟹放养密度54 ind/m2)和不养蟹稻田(CK)水体的水样,分析不同稻田的水质和水稻产量。结果表明:在水稻生长周期,不养蟹稻田溶解氧含量高于养蟹稻田,其中扬花期,不养蟹稻田显著高于养蟹稻田(P<0.05);低密度养蟹稻田和高密度养蟹稻田差异不显著(P>0.05)。分蘖期,高密度养蟹稻田氨氮含量最高,不养蟹稻田和高密度养蟹稻田呈显著差异(P<0.05)。灌浆期时,不养蟹稻田总磷含量最高,不养蟹稻田和养蟹稻田呈显著的差异(P<0.05),低密度养蟹稻田和高密度养蟹稻田差异不显著(P>0.05)。水稻生长周期,从分蘖期开始缺乏磷肥,从扬花期和灌浆期开始缺乏氮肥。分蘖期放养蟹苗比较适宜,此期以后亚硝酸盐和氨氮含量迅速下降,低于仔蟹的安全浓度。低密度养蟹稻田水稻产量最高,且与不养蟹稻田和高密度养蟹稻田呈差异显著(P<0.05),不养蟹稻田和高密度养蟹稻田水稻产量差异显著(P<0.05),不养蟹稻田水稻产量最低。To determine the effects of rice-crab culture systems on water environment and rice yield in paddy fields,periodic sampling was conducted in rice-crab culture systems with different crab densities（ 18 ind / m2, low density（ LD）; 54 ind / m2,high density（ HD）） and non-crab paddy field（ CK） at six key growth stages（ seeding stage,reviving stage,tillering stage,elongation stage,flowering stage,filling stage）. The samples were analyzed for water quality and rice yield. The results revealed that the dissolved oxygen concentration of CK was higher than that in stocking crab paddy field in the rice-growing cycle. It was significantly different（ P 〈0. 05） between CK and stocking crab paddy field,when the rice was only in flowering stage. There was no significant difference（ P 〈0. 05） between LD and HD. At tillering stage,the ammonia nitrogen concentration of HD was significantly higher than CK（ P 〈0. 05）. At filling stage,the total phosphorus（ TP） concentration of CK was the highest,and it was significantly different（ P 〈0. 05） between CK and stocking crab paddy field. It was not significantly different（ P 〈0. 05） between LD and HD. It was lack of phosphate fertilizer from the beginning of tillering stage. It was lack of nitrogen fertilizer from the beginning of flowering stage and filling stage. It was appropriate to stock larval crab in paddy field,when rice was in tillering stage. Because concentration of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen decreased rapidly below the crab safe concentration. The rice yield of LD was significantly higher than that in CK and HD（ P 〈0. 05）. The rice yield of CK was the lowest,and it was significantly different（ P 〈0. 05） between CK and HD.

关 键 词：稻蟹共作 溶解氧 磷酸盐 氨氮 亚硝酸盐 总磷 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]