核电厂操纵员的SA模型与失误辨识研究  

Situation awareness model and error identification for operator in nuclear power plant

作　　者：李鹏程[1] 张力[1,2] 戴立操[1] 陈青青[2] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学人因研究所,副教授湖南衡阳421001 [2]湖南工学院,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2014年第4期56-61,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(71071051;71371070;71301069);岭东核电公司科研项目(KR70543);湖南省战略性新兴产业产学研创新平台创新能力建设项目(2012GK4101);南华大学管理科学与工程重点学科

摘　　要：为分析核电厂(NPP)数字化主控室(DMCR)操纵员的情景意识失误(SAE)问题,采用核电厂模拟机试验观察法、操纵员访谈法和认知任务分析法,建立SA模型,并将基于该模型的SAE进行分类。通过核电厂全尺寸模拟机试验,识别DMCR操纵员的主要SAE模式及其原因。结果表明:DMCR操纵员SAE主要表现为信息定位丧失、状态解释错误等,主要原因涉及培训、人一机界面设计以及安全文化等方面的问题;基于认知功能的SAE分类全面且具体,有利于找到失误的具体原因。For the sake of analyzing the problems of operator＇s SAE in DMCR of NPP,a situation awareness model was built by using methods of simulator experiment observation, operator interview and cognitive task analysis. Classification of SAE was carried out based on established SA model. Finally, the main error modes of situation awareness of operators and their causes in digital control room of NPPs were identified by full-size simulator experiments. The results show that main operators＇ situation awareness errors are loss of information location, state interpretation errors etc. in digital control rooms and main root causes involve the problems of training, human-machine interface design, and safety culture etc,and that classification of cognitive function-based SAE is comprehensive and specific, and can be helpful in finding the corresponding and specific causes.

关 键 词：情境意识失误(SAE) 数字化主控室(DMCR) 影响因素 模拟机试验 核电厂(NPP) 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]