花粉对明亮熊蜂蜂群发育的影响  

Effects of pollen on colony development of Bombus lucorum L.

作　　者：韩李伟 曾兆华[3] 郑云开[1,2] 杨广[1,2] 尤民生[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学应用生态研究所,福州350002 [2]农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,福州350002 [3]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福州350013

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2014年第3期343-347,共5页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(C140601);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(C140602)

摘　　要：花粉作为熊蜂工厂化生产主要蛋白饲料,其来源与质量对雌蜂产卵和蜂群发育有很大影响。本研究在实验室条件下用纯杏花粉将明亮熊蜂Bombus lurorum L.蜂王饲喂至蜂王产卵和始见工蜂后,更换为2∶1、1∶1、1∶2的杏花粉∶油菜花粉继续饲喂,测定明亮熊蜂的工蜂出房率、出房时间、成群率和成群时间等。结果表明:在蜂王产卵后更换为不同配比的混合花粉对工蜂出房率(χ2=2.25,df=3,P=0.52)和始见工蜂时间(F=1.75,df1=3,df2=82,P=0.16)均无显著影响;不同花粉处理之间的蜂群成群率差异不显著(χ2=3.56,df=6,P=0.74),但成群时间有显著差异(F=2.47,df1=6,df2=39,P=0.04)。在蜂王产卵后和始见工蜂后更换为杏花粉∶油菜花粉=1∶2的混合花粉在成群时间上有显著差异(t=2.52,df=8,P=0.036)。由于油菜花粉价格比杏花粉便宜,因此建议在人工饲养明亮熊蜂的过程中,在蜂群始见工蜂后更换为1∶1的杏花粉∶油菜花粉进行饲喂。Pollen is the primary diet asprotein provider, and its origin and quality have significant effect on oviposition of queen and development of colony. In this paper, the effects of changing pure apricot pollen diet to 2 ： 1, 1 ： 1, 1 ： 2 of apricot and rape pollen mixtures at the time of first oviposition or worker emergence were investigated on the worker emergence rate, worker emergence time, colony foundation rate and colonization time under laboratory conditions. The results showed that ： 1 ） There were no significant differences in the effects of changing diets after first oviposition of queen on worker emergence rate （X2=2.25, df=3, P=0.52） and emergence time （F=1.75, df1 =3, df2 =82, P=0.16）; 2） There were no significant differences in colony foundation rate （X2 = 3.56, df = 6, P = 0. 74）, but there were significant differences in colonization time （F = 2. 47, df = 6, df2 = 39, P = 0. 04） among the treatments; 3） There were significant differences in colonization time between changing to 1 ： 2 of apricot and rape pollen mixture after first oviposition and worker emergence （ t = 2. 52, df = 8, P = 0. 036）. Therefore, changing pollen diet as 1 ： 1 of apricot and rape pollen mixtures at the time of worker emergence was recommended in rearing of B. lurorum since the rape pollen is much cheaper than apricot pollen.

关 键 词：明亮熊蜂 杏花粉 油菜花粉 更换饲料 蜂群发育 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]