地震中钢筋混凝土短柱的成因及震害分析  

Investigation to the Origin and Damages of RC Captive Columns During Earthquakes

作　　者：李碧雄[1] 田明武[2] 莫思特[3] 王哲[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学建筑与环境学院能源工程安全与灾害力学教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川水利职业技术学院,四川成都611231 [3]四川大学电气信息学院,四川成都610065 [4]香港科技大学土木环境系

出　　处：《工程抗震与加固改造》2014年第3期120-127,共8页Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK10B07);能源工程安全与灾害力学教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(2013KF05)

摘　　要：以汶川地震后现场调研为基础,系统地收集、整理和介绍了国内外历次大地震中钢筋混凝土短柱的震害特征,对短柱的成因和震害进行了深入分析,提出了相应的工程设计建议。研究表明,钢筋混凝土短柱刚度大,在地震中承担的地震作用大,短柱处易产生应力集中,建议结构构件的刚度在建筑平面内应尽量分布均匀、对称,避免因结构体系布置不合理形成短柱而造成的局部刚度集中;钢筋混凝土框架结构计算模型的建立应考虑半高填充墙的约束作用,减少填充墙约束所造成的柱刚度增大与计算分析模型之间的差异;在因布置半高填充墙而形成的带形窗建筑中,侧向变形在带形窗高度范围内集中,该范围内的柱极易发生震害;板柱或桥墩类的大截面尺寸钢筋混凝土柱易发生剪切破坏,建议考虑构件的几何构型对其抗震性能的影响。此外,短柱的破坏形态多样,柱中损伤破坏的范围亦呈现较大的差异,因此,有必要进一步研究各种破坏产生的原因,以避免地震时短柱发生破坏区域非常集中的脆性破坏形态。The short column failure behaviours in reinforced concrete frame structures are systematically and comprehensively studied and presented in the paper, according to field reconnaissance to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake epicentral areas and the data of captive column damages during other catastrophic earthquakes around the world. The different types of failure modes and load transfer mechanisms are analysed, and the corresponding design and construction recommendations are proposed as well. Generally, short column has relatively strong lateral stiffness and is prone to appear the local stress concentration in the limited height by suffering a larger earthquake loads. The irregularities of infill configurations in plan and elevation should be avoided to prevent the short column failure. In particular, the partial height infills condition in RC frame structures should be paid more attention in the current seismic design approach. The partial infills dramatically decrease the effective supporting length of columns, and thus the column deformation concentrate at the upper unsupported part, causing the short column failure eventually, which is extremely different to the initial design situation. In summary, short column failure is a brittle failure with the non-ductile behaviour, and it may fails at different modes and levels under seismic excitations, therefore, more studies should be carried out to fully understand the mechanisms.

关 键 词：震害 钢筋混凝土 短柱 抗震设计 地震 

分 类 号：TU375.3[建筑科学—结构工程]