水氮管理模式对杂交籼稻冈优527群体质量和产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management Patterns on Population Quality and Yield of Hybrid Rice Gangyou 527

作　　者：孙永健[1] 马均[1] 孙园园[2] 徐徽[1] 严奉君[1] 代邹[1] 蒋明金[1] 李玥[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610072

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第10期2047-2061,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31101117);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B05,2012BAD04B13,2013BAD07B13);农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(201303);四川省育种攻关专项(2011NZ0098-15)

摘　　要：【目的】研究水氮管理模式对杂交籼稻群体质量及产量的影响,为水稻水肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】以杂交籼稻冈优527为材料,通过淹灌(W1)、控制性交替灌溉(W2)和旱种(W3)3种灌水处理及4种氮肥运筹处理(基肥﹕分蘖肥﹕穗肥分别为7﹕3﹕0、5﹕3﹕2(穗肥于倒4叶龄期施入)、3﹕3﹕4(穗肥于倒4、2叶龄期分2次等量施入)、2﹕2﹕6(穗肥于倒4、2叶龄期分2次等量施入),分别记为N1、N2、N3、N4),并设置不施氮处理,记为N0,分析水氮管理模式对杂交籼稻群体质量和产量形成的影响,并探讨水氮互作下群体质量指标与产量间的关系。【结果】水与氮对水稻主要生育时期干物质累积、叶面积指数(LAI)、抽穗期粒叶比、剑叶净光合速率、群体透光率及产量均存在显著的互作效应。互作效应分解分析表明,适当的氮肥后移处理、W2处理对产量均表现为正效应,且氮肥运筹效应大小表现为:N3>N2>N1,氮肥后移比例过大至N4处理水平、W3处理均会加重灌水处理的负效应;而水氮的交互作用结果表明,W2处理相对于其他灌水处理能促进氮肥肥效,达到以水促肥的目的,且W2模式下氮肥后移量可占总施氮量的40%,与基肥﹕分蘖肥﹕穗肥(倒4、2叶龄期分2次等量施入)为3﹕3﹕4氮肥运筹模式(N3处理)相配套,其水氮交互正效应不同程度的高于其他处理,能及时对群体分蘖数进行调控,提高成穗率,保证抽穗期水稻适宜的LAI及粒叶比,适当降低了上3叶叶倾角,提高了高效叶面积率及保持了群体透光率,有利于提高结实期群体光合产物的积累,并在保证一定数量有效穗及结实率的前提下,显著提高穗粒数及千粒重,最终促进了产量的增加,为本试验条件下最佳的水氮耦合运筹方式。而其他各水氮处理出现交互优势减弱,甚至出现负效应,均不利于产量的提高;尤其W3处理和氮肥运筹的互作效应对产量的影响均为Objective In order to provide a scientific basis for high water-fertilizer use efficiency of rice, the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of water and nitrogen （N） management patterns on population quality and yield of hybrid rice.[Method]Gangyou 527, an elite indica threeline hybrid rice cultivar widely planted in rice production in China, was used, which has high grain yield, extensive adaptability, and pest-resistance with growth duration of 145-150 days from sowing to maturity. The experiment was conducted to optimize N application, understand how different combinations of water and N management affect population quality of hybrid rice and yield, and study the correlations of population quality index and grain yield. Three irrigation regimes including submerged irrigation （W1）, controlled alternate irrigation （W2）, and dry cultivation （W3） combined with four N application managements at 180 kg？hm-2 of total N conditions were designed in the study. The four N application ratios were applied on different splits：（a） 2 splits：70%basal and 30%7 d after transplanting （DAT） （N 1 ）, （b） 3 splits：50%basal, 30%7 DAT, and 20%panicle N-fertilizer according to different leaf ages when 4th leaves emerged from the top （N2）, （c） 4 splits：30%basal, 30%7 DAT, 40% panicle N-fertilizer equally when 4th and 2nd leaves emerged from the top （N3）, （d） 4 splits： 20% basal, 20% 7 DAT, 60%panicle N-fertilizer equally when 4th and 2nd leaves emerged from the top （N 4 ）, in addition, no N application （N 0 ） was designed as control. [Result] The results showed that there was an obvious interaction between irrigation regime and N application on dry matter accumulation and leaf area index （LAI） at the mainly growth stages, grain-leaf ratio at heading stage, net photosynthetic rate and yield. Decomposition analysis of water and nitrogen interaction effects showed that appropriate increase of N application ratio of later stage or W2 treatment had a posi

关 键 词：杂交水稻 灌水方式 氮肥运筹 群体质量 产量 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]