云杉属花粉形态的电镜扫描研究  

Pollen Morphology of 20 Species in Picea by Scanning Electron Microscope

作　　者：贾子瑞[1] 王军辉[1] 张守攻[1] 马建伟 杨桂娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所,天水741020

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第5期49-61,共13页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"北方针叶树种高世代育种技术研究与示范"课题(2012BAD01B01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目"云杉属系统进化学研究"课题(RIF2012-01)

摘　　要：应用扫描电镜观测云杉属20个种（变种）的花粉形态,即分布在我国的鳞皮云杉、红皮云杉、云杉、白杄、青海云杉、紫果云杉、青杄、丽江云杉、天山云杉、雪岭云杉、长叶云杉、鱼鳞云杉、大果青杄、川西云杉和林芝云杉,日本的日本云杉,欧洲大陆的塞尔维亚云杉和欧洲云杉,以及北美大陆的黑云杉和白云杉,运用数理统计和图片分析的方法对其花粉形态进行研究.结果显示：云杉属这20个种的花粉均属于两气囊松科花粉,大小为84.33～118.79 μm;依据观测形态图片,花粉体近极面表面纹理呈现龟裂状或瘤状凸起2种类型,有或无颗粒状小球分布;花粉体近极面与气囊过渡明显,形成帽沿;气囊表面纹理较平滑,在种间变异不显著;萌发沟位于花粉体远极面两气囊之间,呈现沟痕的形式.研究结果发现花粉形态的各指标在种间具有变异性、种内具有保守性,是研究云杉属系统进化规律较为直观有效的孢粉学指标.Pollen grains from 20 species of the genus Picea were examined using the scanning electron microscope,including P.retroflexa,P.koraiensis,P.asperata,P.meyeri,P.crassifolia,P.wilsonii,P.likiangensis,P.likiangensis var.balfouriana,P.purpurea,P.jezoensis var.microsperma,P.neoveitchii,P.schrenkiana var.tianschanica,P.schrenkiana,P.smithiana and P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis in China; P.polita in Japan,P.abies and P.omorika in Europe; and P.glauca and P.mariana in North America.The characteristics of pollen morphology among the species were distinguished using data statistics and photographic analysis.Mean pollen size in the 20 species was from 84.33 to 118.79 μm.According to morphological photography,corpus surface texture of pollens had two types,with or without grains distributing; and two bladders distributed at zygomorphic underside of corpus was found to being distinct edge of cap at near surface in corpus.Its surface texture was smoother and there was no distinct variation among species.Germinal furrow formed clear striate between two bladders.Results showed that the pollen morphology had variability among species,and had conservative within species,which would be a more intuitive and effective palynological index for phylogeny study in Picea.

关 键 词：云杉属 花粉形态 分类 电镜扫描 

分 类 号：S718.47[农业科学—林学]