上海市闸北区风疹发病特征分析与免疫接种策略探讨  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rubella and Vaccination Strategies in Zhabei District, Shanghai

作　　者：张小娟[1] 黄瑾[1] 徐敏钢 华瑞珏 敖建军[1] 蒋懿[1] 

机构地区：[1]闸北区疾病预防控制中心,上海200072

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2014年第6期456-458,共3页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解上海市闸北区风疹的发病状况和流行趋势,为卫生行政部门制定风疹免疫接种策略提供依据。[方法]对闸北区1990—2012年风疹报告和疫情监测资料进行流行病学分析。[结果]1990—2012年,辖区共报告风疹病例9003例,年平均发病率52.75/10万;1993年辖区报告风疹病例最多,共8856例,发病率1315.45/10万;2007—2008年,辖区无风疹病例报告。男女发病性别比为1∶1.04;5～14岁病例占73.68%;幼托儿童、中小学生是高发人群;风疹发病有明显的季节性,发病高峰为冬春季和春夏季;病例分布无地域聚集性趋势;疫苗使用后,风疹病例大幅度减少,1995—2012年,风疹病例共57例,且0~4岁、20岁以上病例在总病例中占有的构成比有上升趋势。[结论]接种疫苗是预防风疹发病的有效措施;疫苗使用后,风疹发病的年龄构成有所变化;用免疫手段,为更多成年人,特别是育龄期妇女提供保护,减少先天性风疹综合征的发生。[ Objective ] To describe the incidence and epidemiological trends of rubella in Zhabei District, Shanghai, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating vaccination strategies for rubella. [ Methods ] Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the national surveillance data on rubella in Zhabei District from 1990-2012. [ Results ] A total of 9003 cases of rubella were reported during 1990-2012, and the annual incidence rate of rubella was 52.75/100 000. The most yearly reported rubella patients were in 1993 and 8 856 cases were recorded, with an incidence rate of 1315.45/100000. There was no rubella case reported during 2007-2008. The male-to-female ratio of rubella patients was 1：1.04. Children aged 5-14 years old accounted for 73.68% of the total cases, and the leading case groups were kids in kindergarten, primary and secondary schools. Two seasonal peaks of rubella occurrence were observed including winter-spring and spring-summer. No geographical aggregation tendency was seen in terms of the case geo-distribution. The incidence of rubella cases has been greatly reduced since rubella containing vaccines were used： 57 cases of rubella were reported during 1995-2012, and the proportions of patients aged 0-4 years and 20- years in the total cases were increased. [ Conclusion ] Vaccination is an effective approach for rubella control and prevention, and has changed the age distribntion of total rubella cases. It is important to formulate effective vaccination strategies for preventing adult rubella cases, especially among women of childbearing age, to reduce the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome.

关 键 词：风疹 流行特征 疫苗接种 免疫策略 育龄期妇女 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]