高能可充放电锂电池阴极材料的研究进展：从锂离子电池到锂-硫电池  

Progress of high energy density cathode materials for rechargeable Li battery:From Li-ion Cells to Li-S Cells

作　　者：刘景海[1] 刘雪云[1] 徐秀廷[1] 陈晓红[1] 许良[1] 段莉梅[1] 陈韦[2] 刘立伟[2] 刘宗瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学化学化工学院,内蒙古民族大学功能材料研究所,通辽028000 [2]中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所,中国科学院纳米器件与应用重点实验室,苏州215123

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2014年第6期6-8,共3页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21303080,21061010,21261014);内蒙古自然科学基金(2013MS0211,2013MS0216);中科院纳米器件重点实验室开放基金(13ZS03);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金(BS288)

摘　　要：高能、长循环寿命和高充放电速率的阴极材料是限制发展静态稳定电能存储和动力电源用先进锂电池的关键材料问题。基于脱嵌锂过程的层状锂过渡金属氧化物、过渡金属磷酸锂和富锂氧化物的阴极材料的容量发展遇到了瓶颈,因此探索基于新电化学过程的新型高容量阴极材料的研究非常重要。基于硫(S)和Li2S的阴极材料具有高的理论容量(1673mA h g-1和1166mA h g-1),成为发展高容量和高能锂离子电池阴极材料研究的重点。综述了解决硫阴极材料面临的电子和锂离子传导能力差、充放电过程中可溶性硫的溶解及体积变化等关键科学问题的新思路和新方法,为发展新型硫阴极材料提供参考和启发。Developing cathode materials with high energy density, long cycle life and high rate capacity is the key is- sue for advancing rechargeable Li batteries in the applications including stationary storage of electrical energy generated by solar and wind, and powering of electric vehicles. The improvement of the capacity of cathode materials based on the Li-ion insertion and displacement reactions, such as layered LiMO2 （M=Co, Ni, Mn）, LiFePO4 and Lithium-rich transition metals oxides, met the bottleneck. Therefore, it was important to explore novel high capacity cathode materials with different elec- trochemical reactions. The research for utilizing sulfur （S） and Li2 S as cathode materials attracted intensive interests, because of the high theoretical specific capacities of S（1673 mA h g^-1 ） and Li2S（1166 mA h g^-1 ） with multi-electron reaction eentres. The research progress for resolving the challenges of poor electrical and Li-ion conductivity, dissolution of short chain polysulfides and volume changed during discharging and charging cycles of S cathodes was summarized, which will provide inspiration and ideas for developing S cathodes.

关 键 词：锂电池 阴极材料 高容量 长循环寿命 快速充放电速率 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]