水平轴风力机结冰及其影响计算分析  

COMPUTATION OF ICING AND ITS EFFECT OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

作　　者：易贤[1] 王开春[1] 马洪林[1] 朱国林[1] 

机构地区：[1]空气动力学国家重点实验室中国空气动力研究与发展中心,绵阳621000

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2014年第6期1052-1058,共7页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11172314)

摘　　要：针对过冷水滴在风力机表面撞击结冰现象,建立适合于计算水平轴风力机结冰过程的三维数值方法。该方法包括计算空气流场的多参考坐标系(MRF)方法、结冰面水滴收集率计算的欧拉方法以及结冰的三维模型及其相应的数值求解算法3部分。采用该方法对某1.5 MW级水平轴风力机结冰进行计算,总结结冰的基本特征,分析结冰对风力机气动特性的影响。研究表明:冰主要结在叶片前缘,从叶尖到叶根,冰越来越薄;轮毂、叶片根部及其附近区域、结冰很微弱,可忽略;在叶尖结明冰的条件下,随着展向位置向叶根移动,冰的外形会逐渐趋向规则,明冰向霜冰转变;结冰对叶片根部附近的压力载荷分布影响不大,但对叶尖附近区域的载荷改变明显。Aiming at icing phenomenon on wind turbine by supercooled water droplets, three dimensional numerical method and its computer codes were presented to predict icing process on horizontal axis wind turbine. The method includes a MRF method for air flowfield calculation, an Eulerian method for droplet collection efficiency computation and a three dimensional icing model with its solving arithmetic. Ice growth on a 1.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine was predicted successfully with the method. Characteristics and effects of icing were summarized. The results showed that ice accretion becomes thicker and thicker from root to tip along the blaze, ice accretion near the hub and blade root is little and it can be neglected comparing with that near the blade tip; from blade tip to root, glaze ice may changes into rime ice; ice provides slight effects on pressure distribution near the blade root, but it can change pressure loads near the blade tip greatly.

关 键 词：风力机 结冰 水滴收集率 结冰模型 气动特性 数值计算 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]