降香黄檀种子和离体胚超低温保存研究  

Cryopreservation study on seeds and embryos in Dalbergia odorifera

作　　者：曾琳[1] 何明军[1] 陈葵[1] 魏建和[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所海南省南药资源保护与开发重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2014年第12期2263-2266,共4页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家基本药物所需中药材种子种苗繁育基地和种质资源库建设项目;十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI01B07);中国医学科学院药用植物研究所海南分所科研基本业务费项目(2012HNB02)

摘　　要：以降香黄檀的成熟种子和离体胚为材料，探讨了含水量对其存活的影响，以及快速冷冻法和玻璃化冷冻法对种子和离体胚超低温保存的影响。结果发现，种子含水量由15.04%降至8.14%时，其发芽率和生活力分别由82.67%，85%降至18.35%，25%；种子含水量由15.04%降至9.37%时，经玻璃化冷冻和快速冷冻后其发芽率由82.67%分别降至37.50%，25.37%，其中含水量12.35%的种子发芽率为63.58%，50.45%，较其他含水量的高；含水量为26.32%的种胚，经玻璃化冷冻和快速冷冻后，其发芽率由95.67%分别降至58.31%，33.82%，含水量在14.17%~21.34%时，其发芽率有所下降，但下降幅度不大。实验结果表明，种子超低温保存最佳条件为含水量12.35%，玻璃化冷冻；离体胚超低温保存最佳条件为含水量15.04%，玻璃化冷冻。结论是含水量对超低温保存后降香种子和种胚的发芽率影响显著；玻璃化冷冻法显著优于快速冷冻法。The mature seeds and excised embryos of Dalbergia odorifera were used as materials to study the effect of moisture content on their survival, as well as the effect of rapid freezing and vitrification freezing method on seeds and in vitro embryos cryopreservation. The results showed that the germination rate and vigor decreased from 82.67%, 85% to 18.35%, 25% respectively, when the seed moisture content decreased from 15.04% to 8.14%;and the germination rate decreased from 82.67% to 37.50%, 25.37% respectively by vitrification freezing method and rapid freezing method, when the seed moisture content decreased from 15.04% to 9.37%. Among all the moisture content gradient, 12.35% moisture reached the maximal germination rate, which were 63.58% and 50.45% respectively by vitrification freezing and rapid freezing; and when the embryo moisture content was 26.32%, the germination rate decreased from 95.67% to 58.31% and 33.82% respectively by vitrification freezing and rapid freezing. And when the moisture content was in the range of 14.17%-21.34%, the germination rate was a bit of decrease. The experiment results showed that the optimum conditions of seed cryopreservation were： moisture content 12.35%, vitrification freezing; and the optimum conditions of in vitro embryo cryopreservation were： moisture 15.04%, vitrification freezing. In conclusion, the effects of moisture content on germination rate after cryopreservation in D. odorifera seeds and embryo were significant, and vitrification freezing method is much better than rapid freezing method.

关 键 词：超低温保存 降香黄檀 快速冷冻 玻璃化 含水量 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]