大客车与行人碰撞中动力学响应及损伤参数的仿真  

Simulations on dynamic responses and pedestrian injury parameters in bus-pedestrian collisions

作　　者：杨济匡[1] 赵淑婧 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2014年第2期151-158,共8页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主研究项目(61075004)

摘　　要：大客车与行人碰撞造成的行人伤亡不容忽视。为预防这类交通伤害,该文研究了大客车与行人碰撞中的行人运动响应及损伤参数。运用多体动力学软件,建立了基于某客车前部结构的计算机仿真模型;根据行人步态参数、大客车前部结构参数和不同碰撞条件,进行了计算机仿真分析。结果表明:行人初始姿态及客车前部几何特征决定了碰撞后行人旋转方向及抛出形态;碰撞速度超过40 km/h时,大客车对行人易造成致命性伤害。限制大客车行驶速度,均匀降低大客车前部结构刚度,以及在保证客车通过性前提下减小大客车前部离地间隙,这3种方法可以降低行人伤亡风险。Bus impacts induced pedestrian casualties should not be neglected. To prevent these vehicle traffic injuries, the dynamic responses and the injury biomechanics were investigated for the pedestrian moving response in bus-pedestrian collisions. A computer model was developed for a production bus by using a multi- body （MB） dynamics program. Computer simulations were carried out in terms of the pedestrian walking postures, the bus front-structure design-parameters, and the different impact conditions. The results show that the pedestrian initial state and the bus-front geometry characteristics determine the rotation orientation and the thrown patterns of pedestrians. Pedestrians suffer usually fatal injuries when impact speed exceeds 40 km/h. Restricting the bus travel speed, reducing evenly the bus front structure stiffness, and reducing the bus front ground clearance within proper traffic ability, the three methods can minimize pedestrian injury risks.

关 键 词：汽车工程 被动安全 行人保护 大客车 碰撞仿真 参数分析 多体系统 

分 类 号：U461[机械工程—车辆工程] TP391.9[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]