滇西北碧塔海流域景观演变规律及其驱动因子  

Evolution Law and Driving Factors of the Bita Lake Watershed's Landscape in Yunnan,China

作　　者：喻庆国[1,2] 董跃宇[1] 杨宇明[3] 刘朝蓬 袁磊[1] 李昊民[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [2]国家高原湿地研究中心,云南昆明650224 [3]云南省林业科学院,云南昆明650201 [4]云南生物多样性研究院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2014年第4期160-168,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-云南联合基金(U0933601)

摘　　要：利用1955、1974、1981、1994、2005年和2011年6个年代的航空和卫星影像,基于ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2、ArcMap 10、Fragstats 3.3、Excel等软件,选取一些常用景观指数,采取图、文、表相结合的方法,分析了1955-2011年碧塔海流域景观演变特征和驱动因子。结果表明:1)1955-2011年的56a间,湖泊水域、沼泽和沼泽化草甸无变化,草甸和灌草丛分别减少了11.08hm2和135.19hm2,有林地增加了118.24hm2,公路增加了28.03hm2。2)1955-2011年呈现景观类型增加少、景观面积变化不大、景观破碎化程度很低、景观优势程度突出、景观形状不复杂和景观多样性偏低的状况,流域内自然景观保持了良好的自然状态,实现了环境资源的有效保护与可持续利用。3)流域景观演变,2005年以前是生物、气象、气候、水文等自然驱动因子综合作用的结果,2005年以后是生物、气象、气候、水文等自然驱动因子以及修建公路的人为驱动因子共同作用的结果,表现出以自然驱动因子为主、人为驱动因子为辅的景观演变驱动因子格局。The landscape dynamics and their driving factors of the Bita Lake Watershed from 1955 to 2011 were analyzed by using maps, tables and expatiations. The data were developed from aerial and satellite re- mote sensing images of the six time periods ： 1955,1974,1981,1994,2005 and 2011. Tools such as ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2,ArcMap 10, Fragstats 3.3,and Excel were used in the analysis. The results showed that, for the past 56 years from 1955 to 2011：1） the areas of the water surface, marsh and swamp meadows had not been changed. The areas of the meadows and shrubs decreased by 11.08 hm2 , and 135.19 hm2 ,respec- tively. The area of the forest lands increased by 118.24 hm2. Meanwhile, the area of the roads increased by 28.03 hm2. 2） Few new landscape types emerged. And the total area of landscape almost unchanged. The landscape fragmentation indices were low. The landscape dominances indices were high. The landscape shapes indices were not complicated and the landscape diversity indices were also low. Thus the landscape＇s natural states had been well maintained, which fulfilled the effective and sustainable use of natural resources. 3） As for the driving factors, natural factors such as organisms,climate, weather, and hydrology had dominated the landscape dynamics before the veer 2005 However,since 2005 the dminating factors have been changed roads. A complex 1 supplementary artif into the combination of natural factors and human factors,e, g the construction of new andscape dynamic mechanism jointly driven by the predominant natural factors and the icial factors had been formed.

关 键 词：景观 景观指数 演变规律 驱动因子 碧塔海流域 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]