设施高肥力蔬菜地氮素调控下磷素特征研究  

Phosphorus Characteristics with Controlled Nitrogen in Fertile Soils in Protected Vegetable Field

作　　者：王恒 金圣爱[2] 李俊良[2] 董家贵 张兰芳 陈为堂 葛晓梅 

机构地区：[1]日照市农业局,山东日照276826 [2]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [3]日照市农产品质量安全检验检测中心,山东日照276826

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2014年第3期253-258,共6页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAD17B07);农业部948项目(2006-G60(2))

摘　　要：设施蔬菜种植中存在不合理施肥现象，土壤养分严重失调。为了解设施蔬菜地高氮肥力水平下不同氮素水平对磷素的养分吸收影响，2004—2007年在山东寿光进行不同氮素水平调控和秸秆还田试验，并于2007年冬春季进行裂区淋滤试验。结果表明，不同水平的氮素调控影响磷素含量变化，空白（NN）、有机肥（MN）、有机肥＋秸秆（MN＋S）供氮水平下土壤全磷含量逐年下降，降幅NN〉MN〉MN＋S，全磷增幅传统氮素（cN）〉传统氮素＋秸秆（CN＋S）〉氮素优化＋秸秆（SN＋S）〉氮素优化（sN）。CN、CN＋S供氮水平下土壤速效磷含量达到213．7、225．4mg·kg^-1，增长了17．1％、23．5％，磷素累积明显；其他供氮水平下速效磷含量逐年下降，降幅NN〉MN〉MN＋S〉SN＋S〉SN〉CN〉CN＋S，减少氮素供应有利于减缓磷素累积，促进磷的吸收利用。除NN供氮水平下土壤有机磷含量下降外，其他处理均不同程度增加，CN、CN＋S供氮水平下土壤有机磷含量累积明显（308．4、331Amg·ks。），分别增长了28．5％、38．2％。SN＋S供氮水平下磷的吸收系数（HO，，rrg·100g。）达到了1571，增长了143．6％；CN、CN＋S供氮水平下磷的吸收系数出现了负增长，CN供氮水平下达到了416（P2O5,mg·100g^-1），下降了35．5％。添加麦秸秆极大地提高了磷的吸收能力，在一定程度上能减缓土壤速效磷的累积。淋溶液中全磷含量SN〉SN＋S，有机磷含量SN〉SN＋S，秸秆还田对阻控有机磷素淋溶有一定的作用，但整个冬春生长季渗滤液中全磷含量在2．6～12．0mg·L^-1，有机磷含量在OA2～4．1mg·L^-1，淋出液水质仍超过了国家安全水质标准。因此，在高肥力水平下进行氮素调控，优化氮素供应量，促进了磷素的吸收利用，对农民在高肥力水平下施肥具有指导意义。建议农民在以后的种植中减少氮肥供应量�There is an unreasonable phenomenon of fertilization in vegetable facility cultivation, with the serious imbalance of soil nutrient. In purpose of understanding the absorption characteristics of phosphorus from nitrogen-rich soil, a long-term nitrogen-controlled experiment was carried from the year 2004 to 2007, and a split plot experinaent of leaching was carried in winter-spring season of 2007. The results showed that the content of phosphorus varied with different nitrogen control. The TP was decreased with nitrogen supply of none （NN） ,or- ganic manure（ MN ） ,organic manure and straw（MN＋S）, and the decreased range was NN〉MN〉MN＋S, meanwhile the increase range of TP was traditional-nitrogen（CN）〉traditional-nitrogen＋straw（CN＋S）〉optimized-nitrogen＋straw（SN＋S）〉optimized-nitrogen（SN）. The available P with CN and CN＋S reached to 213.7 mg＇kg^-1、225.4 mg＇kg^-1, which increased by 17.1 percent and 23.5 percent, which declared the phos- phorus was accumulated; The available P with other nitrogen controlled decreased with the range of NN〉MN〉MN＋S〉SN＋S〉SN〉CN〉CN＋S, which showed that the supply reduction of nitrogen could slowdown the phosphorus accumulated and promote the utilization ratio of phospho- rus. The organophosphorus was increased except NN, with obvious increase with CN, CN＋S （308.4 nag. kg^-l, 331.4 mg. kg^-1） by 28.5 percent and 38.2 percent. The absorption coefficient of phosphorus with SN＋S （P2O5, mg· 100g^-1） reached to 1 571, increased by 143.6 percent; Otherwise the absorption coefficient of phosphorus with CN、CN＋S showed negative growth, the CN dipped to 416 （P2O5, mg· 100g-1） by 35.5 percent. Adding wheat straw could greatly improved the capacity of absorption of phosphorus and slow down the accumulation of available phosphorus to some extent. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the filtrate with SN＋S were less than SN, contrary to the concentration oforganophosphorus, thus the straw returning had a

关 键 词：设施 氮素调控 秸秆 磷 淋洗 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]