从巴列维王朝的突然倾覆看伊朗社会变革与社会稳定问题  

Issues of Iran's Social Transformation and Social Stability Seen from the Abrupt Downfall of Pahlavi Dynasty

作　　者：毕健康[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《史学集刊》2014年第4期39-47,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程项目"近代以来国外社会变革与社会稳定专项研究"亚非拉子项目阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪的伊朗历经战争与革命、改革与发展,基本完成从传统农牧业社会向现代工商业、城市社会的社会变革。1979年巴列维王朝出人意料地突然倾覆,凸现出社会变革与社会稳定的对立统一关系。王朝突然倾覆,关键在于资产阶级与什叶派教士结成政治联盟。伊朗社会变革的不平衡,造成资产阶级尤其是民族资产阶级弱小,传统势力即巴札和教士势力比较强大。资产阶级弱小,不足以迫使巴列维国王适时推进政治改革,政治变革严重滞后于经济发展和社会变革。The Iranian people had been witnessing wars, revolutions, reforms and developments in the 20th century. In the process Iran had almost finished the great social change from a traditional agricultural, tribal society to a modern industrial, commercial and urban society. The Pahlavi Dynasty＇s abrupt downfall beyond all expectations in 1979 showed us the law of unity of opposites. The author reconsidered reasons of Pahlavi Dynasty＇s downfall in 1979 from two different perspectives, i. e. main social classes and key leaders in the Revolution. And then the author concisely surveyed Reza Shah＇s reforms in the 1920s and 1930s, especially the White Revolution and the economic development plans from the perspective of social change. In November of 1978, the Iranian end of 1950s to the middle of 1970s from the bourgeoisie and the ulama formed an alliance in order to revolt Pahlavi regime, because traditional social classes especially the bazaar and the ulama had been powerful, while the bourgeoisie had been weak. Fundamentally speaking, it was unbalance of the social change which led to the social unstability in the latter half of 1970s.

关 键 词：伊朗 社会变革 社会稳定 巴列维王朝 

分 类 号：K373.6[历史地理—历史学]