能源产业市场扭曲与全要素生产率  

The Market Distortions and Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Energy Industry

作　　者：王芃[1,2] 武英涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学公共政策与治理研究院 [2]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2014年第6期142-155,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(08AJL009);国家社会科学基金一般项目(08BJL041);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-10-0563);上海市曙光计划项目(10SG42);上海财经大学讲席教授支持项目的资助

摘　　要：能源产业的市场扭曲已成为制约技术进步、效率提升和发展转型的重要因素,而目前相关研究多将能源作为一种要素对其扭曲情况进行了分析,忽略了其作为一重要产业自身发展的特征。为此,本文从行业和企业两个层面、产品市场和要素市场两个维度对我国能源产业面临的市场扭曲进行了系统研究。实证结果表明:两层面两维度的市场相对扭曲均显著存在,而造成扭曲的原因主要是要素配置扭曲而非要素价格扭曲;同一行业内企业间存在显著异质性,企业层面市场扭曲的变化对行业层面市场扭曲的测度存在显著影响;通过模拟发现,对以上扭曲逐一纠正后可实现能源产业全要素生产率增长43.51%,其中纠正企业间要素市场相对扭曲对其增长贡献最大。因此,为实现稳定的能源供给,除增加要素投入外,加快市场化改革尤其是促进企业间高效公平的竞争,应是下一步市场政策关注的重点。Market distortions have become important factors in restraining technological progress and efficiency improvement and transformation development in the energy industry. Research in the field considers energy as a general element to study its distortion, ignoring the own characteristics as an important industry. This article conducts a systematic study on the market distortions of the Chinese energy industry from the perspectives of industry and enterprise. It also considers the dimensions of product and factor market. The empirical results show that how market distortions are related to both product and factor markets. Furthermore the main reasons for such distortions may be linked to the misallocation of factors and not to price distortion. There is significant heterogeneity among enterprises within the same industry and the change of enterprise-level market distortions has significant impact on industry-level market distortions. The simulation that corrects distortions shows that the total factor productivity of energy industry could realize a 43.51% growth in the sector. The correction of enterprise factor market distortions accounts for most of the total contribution to output growth. The pro-market reform will promote efficient and fair competition among enterprises： In order to achieve a stable supply of energy, speeding up the pro-market reform should be the focus of the next policy steps, in addition to increasing the input factors.

关 键 词：市场扭曲 边际收入产出 资源误置 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]