商水方言中指示词及指示词短语的功能  

The function of the demonstratives and demonstrative phrases in the Shangshui dialect in Henan province

作　　者：陈玉洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史中心/语言与认知中心

出　　处：《中国语文》2014年第4期326-339,383-384,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：欧盟第七框架计划(FP7/2007-2013)下欧洲研究理事会(ERC)资助课题"汉语方言混合语法类型比较"(批准号230388);国家哲学社会科学基金项目"汉语量词及其与指示词语相关性的类型学研究"(批准号08CYY023)的资助

摘　　要：本文探讨商水方言中指示词及指示词短语的指称功能。在商水方言中,指示词及指示词短语可以充当动词的论元、限定词和定语标记。光杆指示词的指称意义最为复杂,可以指称有定个体单数和复数,也可以指示有定类别。从句法上看,它的语法化程度最高,在一些关系从句结构和领属结构中,它已经有了强制性的语音改变,可以被分析为专用定语标记,名词化标记或领有标记。从形式上看,这种光杆指示词结构既不显示数目(不带数词),又不显示个体(无量词),所以有多种指称可能性。带上数词的"指数量名"结构只有个体指称功能,当数词为"一"时则只能指示个体单数。"指个名"结构除有定个体单数指称外,还突破了量词的个体化限制,可以用于指称有定类别,但不能用来指称有定个体复数。This paper aims at the distinction between different demonstrative phrases in the Shangshui Mandarin dialect with regards to their referential,syntactic and pointing functions when used as arguments,determiners,or attributive markers.It is found that the bare demonstratives zhe(这) and na(那) have more grammatical functions compared with those with classifiers and numerals,which can be attested by the fact that zhe/na can function as typical attributive markers,nominalizers,or genitive markers together with special phonetic changes,while DEM+N only refers to individual(including singular and plural) or kind-denoting objects.DEM+ONE+CLF has the most concrete meaning of all demonstrative phrases in which each constituent keeps its original meaning and the phrase can only refer to one specific entity that appears in speech environment and is in contrast to another entity in distance.DEM+CLF can refer to both singular individual objects and kind-denoting objects,and when referring to the latter the individualization classifier ge(个) is absent.

关 键 词：商水方言 指示词短语 个体指 类指 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]