健美操世界锦标赛成套难度动作的竞争态势  

Competitive Situation of Complete Set of Difficulty Movement in Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships

作　　者：张晓莹[1] 王伟光[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]北京语言大学,北京100083

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2014年第5期118-122,138,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：难度动作是竞技健美操项目的核心竞争要素,随着国际竞技健美操竞争的日益加剧,明晰难度动作的发展态势、最大限度发挥成套动作的难度价值,是运动员突破现有实力水平的重点角逐方向。运用文献资料法、录像分析法、专家访谈法和问卷调查法,基于2005版、2009版和2013版竞技健美操评分规则的演变,对2006年、2008年、2010年、2012年第9、10、11、12连续4届世锦赛优秀选手参赛难度动作进行科学的定位及分析,客观、准确的把握难度动作在国际上的发展趋向,从而保持现有或潜在竞争优势的动态平衡,为竞技健美操成套难度动作训练提供理论依据和实践指导。结果表明,各组别高分值难度动作的合理选用和稳定完成是难度动作竞争的主流和方向,发挥痕迹效应和运动员特长优势的战术编排是难度动作竞争的重要保障,"难""稳""新""美"制胜因素的完美实施是难度竞争的主要趋势。Difficuh movement is the core factor of aerobic gymnastics. With increasing international competition,clearing the development trend of difficulty and maximizing the value of the difficulty of the movement are the keysto beyond the current level of athletes. Based on the 2005, 2009 and 2013 versions of rules evolution, this paperused documents, video observation, questionnaire and expert interview methods to analyze locates of the elementsof the 9th, 10th, llth and 12th World Championships final which held in 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. We hopethis study can grasp the international development trend of the difficult moves objectively and accurately, maintainthe existing or potential competitive advantage homeostasis and provide the theoretical basis and practical guidancefor the movement training. The results of the research show that reasonable selection and stable execution of highscore difficult movements are the mainstream and important direction. The tactical choreography which plays traceeffect and specialty effect of athletes is the important safeguard of difficult movements. Perfect implementation ofwinning factors, including difficult, stable, new and artistic, is the main trend of difficulty competition.

关 键 词：世锦赛 竞技健美操 成套难度动作 竞争态势 

分 类 号：G831.3[文化科学—体育训练]