中古良吏书写的两种模式  

Two Models for Writing about Good Officials in Middle Antiquity

作　　者：孙正军[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院讲师,北京100089

出　　处：《历史研究》2014年第3期4-21,189,共18页Historical Research

摘　　要："猛虎渡河"和"飞蝗出境"是中古史籍中常见的用以构建、形塑地方良吏形象的书写模式。两种模式均出现于东汉,在随后的史籍中被广泛应用,并演绎出多种变体。两种模式的出现,除得益于灾异祥瑞思想的盛行及汉王朝对地方循吏的褒崇外,此前已见的"盗贼止息"模式也提供了文本基础。及至宋代,尽管作为其理论背景的灾异祥瑞论发生变化,但两种书写模式仍在宋代以降的史籍中长期存在,显示出顽强的生命力。包括两种模式在内的众多书写模式渗入史籍,一定程度上削弱了史书的真实性,并使得史事记载类型化、程式化,缺乏个性描述。In middle antiquity,'The Fierce Tiger Crossing the River(Menghu Duhe猛虎渡河)'and'Locusts Leaving the Region(Feihuang Chujing飞蝗出境)'were templates for constructing and depicting the image of local good officials(liangli良吏)in historical records.Originating in the Eastern Han and widely used in subsequent histories,the two models generated a number of variants.Their emergence owed something to the prevalence of ideas of good and bad auguries and the Han Dynasty's commendation of good officials at the local level,but they also drew on the earlier textual model of'No More Thieves and Robbers(Daozei Zhixi 盗 贼 止 息)'.Although,by the Song Dynasty,changes had occurred in the thinking about auguries which had constituted their theoretical background,the two writing models persisted in Song histories and their successors with tenacious vitality.Many such writing models,including these two,made their way into historical records,to some extent weakening their authenticity and rendering them stereotyped,stylized and lacking in individualized description.

关 键 词：猛虎渡河 飞蝗出境 地方长吏 模式 变体 

分 类 号：K062[历史地理—历史学]