二十世纪中叶美国冷战社会动员与思想灌输活动探析  

An Analysis of US Cold War Social Mobilization and Indoctrination Activities in the Middle of 20th Century

作　　者：张杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学系教授,杭州310028

出　　处：《历史研究》2014年第3期138-154,192,共17页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划基金项目(NCET-12-0823);霍英东教育基金会资助项目(131094)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在冷战初期美国政府与社会精英联手发动的诸多社会政治动员和思想灌输活动中,"战斗的自由"项目非常具有代表性。它以美国公民为主要目标群体,以宣传鼓动和学说灌输为主要手段,得到决策高层的重视和支持。值得注意的是,"战斗的自由"并非个案,这一时期美国以社会动员和思想灌输为目的的项目和活动层出不穷,充分展现出危机形态下美国独特的社会政治文化和政府的政策选择。"战斗的自由"已经触碰到美国人引以为傲的"自由原则"底线,暴露出美国民主、自由价值观的局限性。The Cold War represented a state of international tension characterized by ideological confrontation.As the'leader'of the Western camp,the US government very early adopted the ideological strategy of using'freedom'as a weapon against the socialist countries.In the early1950 s,under the influence of McCarthyism and the Korean War,the whole atmosphere of US society was tense,and the radical concept of'freedom to fight'gained widespread acceptance.It was implemented at home and abroad as an action program with thought control and indoctrination as its main methods.It is noteworthy that the radical ideology of'freedom to fight'was not an isolated case,for the same period saw the emergence of many analogous policy proposals and ideas,some even more extreme.Radical ideology reflected the sense of cultural superiority and mission underlying the'national security crisis.' This radical ideology is continually present in the consciousness of American society.It experiences dramatic rises and falls,depending on changes in the situation at home and aboard.Under a given consciousness of crisis,it had a major impact on American politics and foreign relations.

关 键 词：冷战 美国 社会动员 意识形态 “战斗的自由” 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]