人性动机、战争原因与东亚身份政治——以勒博《国家为何而战?》为中心的讨论  

Human Motives,Reasons for War and the Politics of East Asian Identity:A Discussion of Lebow's Why Nations Fight

作　　者：陈拯[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2014年第3期47-62,157-158,共16页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题"中国参与国际人道主义干预规范塑造的对策研究"(课题批准号:2013EGJ001);"上海交通大学文科科研创新基金青年项目"(项目号:12QN13)的资助

摘　　要：战争与冲突的由来是国际关系学科的经典议题。与以往学者不同,理查德·内德·勒博的《国家为何而战?》追问了国家发动战争的深层动机,指出恐惧、利益、地位和复仇四个普遍动机推动国家发动战争,并建立了一个涵盖以往三个半世纪的战争数据库来加以论证。他发现,大多数战争源于国家对地位和复仇的追求,而非由安全或物质利益所驱使。他同时预测,随着诱发战争的主要动机已失去原有意义,未来国家间的战争将会减少。文章着重针对勒博在理论构建和研究设计过程中存在的疏漏与不足提出质疑,指出其对荣誉动机同战争行为的关联,包括个体心理动机与集团行为倾向一致性的逻辑推导不够严谨连贯,同时,在案例选择与数据编码过程中也存在一定的选择性和主观性。文章还就勒博所强调的激情一荣誉动机对探讨当前东亚地区秩序所具有的启发意义作了引申性讨论。What causes war and conflict are the classical questions of the discipline of international relations.Distinct from other scholarly work on the topic,Richard Ned Lebow's book Why Nations Fight considers the deeper motivations driving states to war.He identifies four generic motives that lead states to war:fear,interest,standing and revenge,and he constructs a database of three centuries of war to test theories underlying these motivations.He finds that the vast majority of wars are rooted in quests for standing or revenge,and are not driven by security or material interests.He further predicts that because the main factors inducing war have lost their original meaning,wars between states will be less and less frequent in the future.This article identifies several concerns related to omissions and limitations in Lebow' s theory and research design.For example,it points out that the logical relationship asserted between motivations of standing and acts of war is not strictly defined,including its assumption that individual psychological motivations and trends in group behavior will dovetail.At the same time,his case selection and process of data compilation involve a certain level of bias.The article also discusses how Lebow's typology of motivations rooted in emotions and standing might be extended to offer insights into the contemporary regional order in East Asia.

关 键 词：《国家为何而战?》 荣誉动机 战争原因 身份政治 东亚 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]