除草剂对藻类的生态毒理学研究述评  

A Review of the Ecological Toxicology of Herbicide to Algae

作　　者：倪妍[1] 王毛兰[1] 赖劲虎[1] 万金保[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学环境与化学工程学院/鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2014年第3期536-541,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2007BAB23C02);南昌大学鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(Z04999);南昌大学校基金项目(Z04861)

摘　　要：就除草剂对藻类生长及群落组成的影响、致毒机理、藻类对除草剂的富集和降解进行综述。相对于其他水生植物和浮游动物,除草剂对藻类的毒性更低。低毒除草剂对藻类生长的影响呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的趋势,而高毒除草剂低浓度时就产生抑制作用,且除草剂与其他化合物具有联合毒性。藻类密度与浮游动物的摄食率密切相关,除草剂对浮游动物的直接毒性会影响浮游藻类的群落结构组成。除草剂对抗氧化系统的损伤和对光合作用的抑制是除草剂对藻类的重要致毒机理。藻类对除草剂的富集能力与藻细胞的生物量和表面积相关,其降解过程可能需要异养细菌的参与。The toxicities and toxicological mechanisms of herbicides to the growth and community compo -sition of algae were reviewed .The toxicities of herbicides to algae are relatively lower compared to those to a-quatic plants and zooplankton .The growth of algae is stimulated under low level of low toxicity of herbicides , and inhibited under high herbicide concentrations .On the contrary ,it is inhibited under low level of high toxici-ty of herbicides.Joint toxic effects occur when herbicides are coexisted with other chemical compounds .The density of algae and the feeding rate of zooplankton are closely ralated .The community composition of algae is affected by the toxicities of herbicides to zooplankton .The effects of herbicides to antioxidant system and photo-synthesis of algae are important toxicological mechanism .The enrichment capability of algae to herbicides is as-sociated with biomass and cell surface area of algae .Heterotrophic bacteria may be involved in the degradation of herbicides .

关 键 词：除草剂 藻 毒性 生态毒理 

分 类 号：S481.1[农业科学—农药学] X503.2[农业科学—植物保护]