发现濒危金斑喙凤蝶寄主植物——南方广布种深山含笑  

A Host Plant,Michelia maudiae,Widespread-distributed in South China for the Endangered Butterfly of Teinopalpus aureus

作　　者：曾菊平[1,2] 林宝珠 朱祥福 刘良源 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西九连山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,江西龙南341701 [3]江西省九连山国家级自然保护区管理局,江西龙南341701 [4]江西省林业有害生物防治检疫局,江西南昌330038

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2014年第3期550-555,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160430-C040501);江西省自然科学基金项目(20132BAB214024);江西农业大学创新科研基金(CX201104)

摘　　要：金斑喙凤蝶（ Teinopalpus aureus）1985年列入IUCN红色名录，1989年列为我国一级保护种，其种群生存现状备受关注。以样线踏查法在研究区（12．61 km2）的小面积（2．74 km2）常绿阔叶林与周边非常绿阔叶林调查金斑喙凤蝶及其潜在寄主木兰科（ Magnoliaceae ）植物，区内海拔500 m以下为农田或人类居住区，500～1100 m常绿阔叶林区分布有深山含笑（Michelia maudiae）、金叶含笑（Michelia chapensis）、醉香含笑（Michelia macclurel），共调查到29株，其中深山含笑26株，占89．66％。金斑喙凤蝶成虫多在近山顶（＞1000 m）林区活动，见雌虫正午时刻产卵（n＝14）于深山含笑叶面，此时产卵叶面日照面积百分比为（92．9±11．72）％（变异系数为12．62％）。在L∶D＝16∶8、（24±1）℃条件下，初孵幼虫取食深山含笑，历经68 d（共6龄）与2 d预蛹期后进入蛹态，20 d后羽化出成虫。结果说明当地金斑喙凤蝶寄主植物为南方广布种深山含笑，并以此探讨该濒危蝴蝶的潜在分布范围与小生境保护。Teinopalpus aureus was listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1985,and listed as the first class of protection species in China since 1989 .Its status is worldwide concerned by entomologists .In transects,it was found that T.aureus and its potential host plants both occurred within a small （with 2.74 km2 in area） evergreen broad-leaved forest （EBLF） and its surroundings in the study area （12.61 km2）,the space in the area below the altitude of 500 m was covered by farming land or local residence ,and above 500 m to 1 100 m there was distribution of Michelia maudiae, M.chapensis and M.macclurel in EBLF, counting 26 trees of M.maudiae （ accounted for 89.66%） and three other trees in the transects .Adults of T.aureus occurred in the EBLF close to hilltops （above 1 000 m）,and females laid eggs （n=14） at the upside of M.maudiae leaves （92.9±11.72）%（with the variable coefficient of 12.62%）.Under the conditions of L ∶D=16∶8,（24 ±1）℃,the larvae of T.aureus fed on M.maudiae leaves and 68 days of larval stage （with six instars） and two days of prepupal stage then entered its pupa stage ,then they emerged in 20 days.The results indicated that the local host plant for T.aureus was M.maudiae,a widespread-distributed species in South China .Based on this the endangered butterfly ’ s potential range of distribution and conservation strategy for small habitat are discussed .

关 键 词：金斑喙凤蝶(Teinopalpus aureus) 寄主植物 深山含笑(Michelia maudiae) 生境需求 潜在分布范围 保护 

分 类 号：Q969.438.2[生物学—昆虫学] Q949.747.1