广州地区1606名粉尘作业工人的肺功能状况调查  

Investigation on pulmonary function of 1606 dust-exposed workers in Guangzhou City

作　　者：蔡国全[1] 刘斌[2] 肖吕武[3] 周浩[3] 谭夏优[3] 

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学,广东省广州市510000 [2]广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院 [3]广州市职业病防治院

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第11期1459-1462,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广州市科技局立项课题(项目编号:2012Y2-00029)

摘　　要：目的明确粉尘暴露、年龄、工龄、吸烟对粉尘作业相关人员肺功能的影响,为尘肺病的防治和管理提供科学依据。方法抽取在广州市第十二人民医院接受体检并做肺功能检查项目的1606名粉尘作业人员作为观察组,同时抽取相同体检情况下的1606名非接尘人员作为参照组进行比较。结果 2组肺功能检查结果比较,观察组FVC为(87.37±10.29)、FEV1.0为(87.39±11.50)、FEV1.0/FVC为(83.57±16.86),与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01))。对照组肺功能异常240例,异常发生率为14.9%;观察组肺功能异常583例,异常发生率为36.3%。其中观察组中水泥粉尘异常率最高(49.5%),金属粉尘最低(30.3%)。职业粉尘暴露中电焊烟尘、金属粉尘、砂轮磨尘、水泥粉尘、煤尘、其他粉尘暴露均为肺功能异常的危险因素,其OR值及95%CI分别为2.58(2.00,3.33)、2.03(1.57,2.64)、3.16(2.06,5.47)、3.41(1.88,6.20)、2.29(1.35,3.88)、3.07(2.15,4.91);职业粉尘暴露与工龄、吸烟存在协同作用,可使肺功能异常危险度增加(均P<0.05)。结论广州地区各种主要粉尘暴露均会造成作业人群的肺功能明显下降,建议积极开展戒烟及针对长工龄作业工人采取更完善的个人监护措施。[ Objective]To identify the effect of dust exposure , age, length of service, smoking on pulmonary function of dust-ex- posed workers, and provide scientific evidence for pneumoconiosis prevention and management. [ Methods ] A total of 1 606 dustexposed workers, who received examination and pulmonary function tests, were selected as observation group, another 1 606 workers without dust exposure under the same examination as control group for comparison. [ Results] Through the contrast of 2 groups, the observation group showed FCV was （ 87.37 ± 10.29 ） ; FEV1.0 was （ 87.39 ± 11.501 ; and FEV1.0/FVC was （ 83.57 ± 16.861, which presented a great difference with controls （ all P 〈 0. 01 ） ;There were 240 workers with abnormal pulmonary function and the morbidity was 14.9% in controls, but there were 583 with abnormal pulmonary function and 36.3% of the morbidity in the observation group, especially the abnormal rate of cement dust was up to 49.5% and that of metal dust was a minimum of 30.3%. Occupational dusts included electrical welding dust, metal dust, grinding wheel dust, cement dust, coal dust and other dust exposure, and there were all the relevant risk factors of abnormal lung function, the OR and 95% CI rate were 2.5812.00,3.33 ）, 2.03（1.57,2.641,3.16（2.06,5.471,3.41（1.88,6.20}, 2.29（1.35,3.881,3.07（2.15,4.911, respectively. Occupational dust exposure had joint effects with service length and smoke that could increase the abnormal rate of pulmonary function （ all P 〈0.05}. [ Conclusion] The main dusts exposure have caused the decline of pulmonary function in Guangzhou City, quitting smoking and improving surveillance measures for the long-time dust-exposed workers should be actively advocated.

关 键 词：肺功能 粉尘 接尘工龄 年龄 吸烟 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]