大面积顶板失稳诱发空气冲击波灾害时程特性研究  

Study on time-history characteristics of air blast wave due to great extent of roof instability

作　　者：刘畅[1,2] 覃敏[1,2] 彭云[3] 

机构地区：[1]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410012 [2]金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410012 [3]化工部长沙设计研究院,湖南长沙410116

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2014年第5期49-55,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省科技重大专项(2011FJ1003)

摘　　要：采空区大面积顶板冒落可在瞬间产生破坏力极强的空气冲击波。介绍了空气冲击波的形成及危害形式,指出了传统冲击模型的缺陷,通过建立新的冲击模型,深入分析了空气冲击波从形成到消亡过程中的速度和能量变化特征,结合香炉山钨矿大面积采空区的实际情况,选取典型参数进行分析计算,结果表明:空气冲击波速度与冒落块体尺寸,顶板冒落的高度,可供逸出气体巷道的总断面积,巷道的通风阻力等因素有关;下落块体受压缩空气阻力作用,下降时间略微增加,整个冒落过程持续时间为2.89s,当下落时间为2.1s时,风速达到极值,为508.1m/s,冲击影响范围在距离事发空区的370m以内;块体下落的起始阶段受空气阻力较小,飓风速度急剧升高,下降中间阶段,飓风速度先是缓慢爬升,然后达到峰值,块体下降的后期受空气阻力作用最为明显,风速急剧下降,巷道内飓风流迅速趋于平缓;建议对香炉山钨矿采空区尽快实施充填,并采取疏堵结合、设置缓冲垫层、加强地压活动监测等措施降低冲击危险,减小冲击危害。Air blast wave caused by great extent of roof in worked-out area can bring about a great destruction .The formation and damaging forms of impact waves were introduced .And the defects of traditional model were pointed out.In order to make a further research on the time-history characteristics of waves speed and energy during the process from generation to disappearance , a new model was established .Then the typical parameters coming from the worked-out area of Xianglushan tungsten ore were used for calculation and analysis .And the results showed that：（1） shock velocity is closely related to falling height , size of rock block, sectional area of roadways and ven-tilation resistance, et, al;（2） under the action of aerodynamic drag , the falling time of the rock block has a little increase and the whole catastrophic process continues for 2.89s.The wind speed reaches their extreme points as 508.1m/s after 2.1s, and the shock could reach 370m around the site of the incident;（3） because of minor re-sistance at the primary step of falling , the speed of hurricane increases drastically .At intermediate stage , the wind＆amp;nbsp;speed climbs slowly and gradually arrives the peak .Due to tremendous resistance in the terminal stage , the speed of hurricane decreases sharply and airflow becomes flat in the lane .（ 4 ） an implementation of filling must be put into practice as soon as possible , some measures such as grooming , plugging , setting buffer layer , ground pressure monitoring and so on , should be taken to reduce the ratio of accident and harm of air blast wave .

关 键 词：顶板冒落 空气冲击波 时程特性 冲击速度 冲击能量 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]