铵盐表面活性剂对超薄复合纳滤膜过滤性能的影响机制  

Impacts of ammonium salt on the thin film composite nanofiltration membrane performance

作　　者：项军[1] 张凯松[1] 方芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021

出　　处：《膜科学与技术》2014年第3期74-78,共5页Membrane Science and Technology

基　　金：厦门市对台科技合作项目(3502Z20131159)

摘　　要：研究了采用界面聚合制备复合纳滤膜的过程中,水相添加铵盐表面活性剂对纳滤膜理化性质、膜通量和截留率的影响,以及其在制备过程中的作用机理.樟脑磺酸-三乙胺(CSATEA)、四乙基氯化铵(TEAC)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、苄基三甲基氯化铵(BTMAC)、苄基三乙基氯化铵(BTEAC)等5种常见的铵盐表面活性剂作为添加剂分别添加到水相中,通过场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力扫描电镜(AFM)和红外光谱仪(ATR-FTIR)等手段分析了复合膜表面的形态和理化特性,采用错流过滤的方法测定了膜的过滤性能.结果表明:铵盐添加到水相后对复合纳滤膜表面形态影响明显,胺离子取代基尺寸越大,其表面粗糙度也越大,厚度也随之增加,膜的过滤和截留性能也有明显的改善,而且这些铵盐并没有存在于复合层中,其起到的是催化作用,并没有因参与界面聚合反应而被结合至活性选择层中,对500mg/L的氯化钠溶液的截留率从27.7%提高到46%,而通量变化不大.This paper mainly studies the effect of ammonium salt added in aqueous solution on thin film composite nanofiltration membrane performance.A range of ammonium salt surfactants,such as camphorsulfonic acid-triethylamine （CSA-TEA）,tetraethylammonium chloride （TEAC）,tetrabutylammonium bromide （TBAB）,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride （BMMIC）,benzyltrimethylammonium chloride （BTMAC）,benzyltriethylammonium chloride （BTEAC）,and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride （DTMAC）,were added into piperazine （PIP） solution respectively,reacted with trimesoyl chloride （TMC） in the interface between water phase and organic phase.Scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）,attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）,and atomic force microscopy （AFM） were adapted to characterize the membranes physic-chemical properties.The flux and NaCl,MgSO4 rejection were also evaluated.The results showed that such ammonium salts didn＇t exist in the TFC layer,and as the size of ammonium group increased,the performance of nanofiltration membrane improved.The rejection of NaCI changed from 27.7％ to 46％ without too much variation on flux.

关 键 词：界面聚合 铵盐表面活性剂 复合纳滤膜 水相 催化作用 

分 类 号：TQ051.893[化学工程]